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Kaplan Pharmacology Integrated Exam Practice Test High-Quality Questions Including Correct Answer And A Detailed Rationale

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Kaplan Pharmacology Integrated Exam Instructions: Choose the best answer for each question. 1. The nurse prepares to administer digoxin 0.125 mg to a patient with heart failure. Which assessment finding would cause the nurse to withhold the medication and contact the healthcare provider? A) Potassium level of 4.0 mEq/L B) Heart rate of 54 beats per minute C) Blood pressure of 130/70 mmHg D) Respiratory rate of 18 breaths per minute Answer: B *Rationale: Digoxin is a cardiac glycoside that increases myocardial contractility and slows heart rate. A key nursing responsibility is checking the apical pulse for one full minute before administration. The general guideline is to withhold the dose if the adult pulse is below 60 bpm (or below specified parameters, such as 90-110 bpm in infants) and notify the provider, as bradycardia can indicate toxicity. Hypokalemia (A), not a normal level, potentiates digoxin toxicity. Blood pressure (C) and respiratory rate (D) are not the priority parameters for withholding digoxin.* 2. A patient is prescribed atorvastatin (Lipitor) for hyperlipidemia. Which statement by the patient indicates a need for further teaching? A) "I will need to have my liver function checked regularly." B) "I can continue drinking grapefruit juice with my breakfast." C) "I should report any unexplained muscle pain or weakness." D) "I will take my medication at the same time every day." Answer: B Rationale: Atorvastatin, like other statins, is metabolized by the CYP3A4 enzyme system. Grapefruit juice inhibits this enzyme, leading to increased blood levels of the drug and a higher risk of adverse effects like myopathy and rhabdomyolysis. Therefore, patients should avoid grapefruit juice. The other statements are correct: liver function monitoring (A) is required, muscle pain (C) is a sign of potential rhabdomyolysis that must be reported, and consistent daily dosing (D) improves adherence and efficacy. 3. The nurse is administering furosemide (Lasix) IV push to a patient. Which is the most important nursing action?

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