INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY REVIEWER
CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
It is derived from two Greek words, logos and psyche,
...
INTRODUCTION TO PSYCHOLOGY REVIEWER
CHAPTER 1: THE SCIENCE OF PSYCHOLOGY
PSYCHOLOGY
Psychology is the scientific study of human behavior and mental processes.
It is derived from two Greek words, logos and psyche, meaning study and mind
or soul.
To the Greek philosophers, psychology is the study of the mind or soul.
ARISTOTLE - is considered as the father of psychology.
Psychology is scientific because it is:
1. SYSTEMATIC - it follows certain steps/procedures in the study of behavior
2. EMPIRICAL - it is based on truth/evidences/previous investigations
3. DEPENDENT UPON MEASUREMENTS - it uses instruments that are reliable
and valid such as IQ and personality tests, and statistics
BEHAVIORS – responses/reactions/activities made by individuals in certain situations
Classifications of behavior:
OVERT – directly observed by other people
COVERT – cannot be directly seen/observed but can give explanation and can
be analyze through their actions, facial expression or voice.
CONSCIOUS – fully aware of our behavior (feelings)
UNCONSCIOUS – unfully aware of our behavior (snoring when sleeping, sleep
walking)
SIMPLE - the one in which the response is the direct result of the cause
COMPLEX - the one in which there is much more responsible for your action, like
mental condition etc. (solving math problems)
CONTROLLED – (sinadya)
UNCONTROLLED - they appear unable to stop it (activities of our organs or
Heart)
RATIONAL – use full power of reasons
IRRATIONAL – do not use full power of reasons (example is phobia)
- can be developed
Example of irrational and rational behavior:
If you see a picture of a snake and you get scared that is irrational
If you see a true snake and you got scared that is rational
ABNORMAL
NORMAL
Systematic Steps in the Study of Human Behavior:1. IDENTIFICATION OF THE PROBLEM – for example, depression among
teenagers
2. FORMULATION OF HYPOTHESIS - tentative explanation to the problem
3. GATHERING OF DATA
4. ANALYSIS, CONCLUSION, AND RECOMMENDATIONS
Goals of Psychology:
(Needs to) UNDERSTAND BEHAVIOR
(To) EXPLAIN BEHAVIOR (the cause or root)
PREDICT BEHAVIOR – because of this you will know the behavior
through research
CONTROL BEHAVIOR – can be bad or good
*There are disorder and problems that cannot bring back the past state
but can control the symptoms to prevent from getting worst
Methods Used in Psychology:
1. OBSERVATION – taking notes
Naturalistic – ino-observe yung most natural behavior through
counselling
Systematic – may certain rules and guidelines (controlled)
Participant Observer – nag-i-immerse tayo, magiging part ng participant
2. INTROSPECTION – self analysis
- may mga activities na pinapagawa sa client kapag hindi
magkikita for counselling na makatutulong sa pag-analyze
mag-isa ng patient
3. LIFE HISTORY OR CASE STUDY – pinag-aaralan natin yung history ng case,
can be individual or group like community
* Ex. Naging pattern ng suicide (pag-aaralan bakit nagkakaroon ng suicide
sa lugar
• Day Book – day to day recording of experiences
• Clinical Method – conducted in a clinic wherein the psychologist
diagnose then treat the patient
• Biographical Method – life story of the patient
4. SURVEY OR GROUP METHOD – uses questionnaires and interviews
5. EXPERIMENTAL METHOD – conducted in a psychological laboratory to study
the behavior that uses subjects
6. STATISTICAL METHOD – uses statistics to analyze the data
Branches or Areas of Psychology:
[Show More]
![Preview of [FOR ELDY] Telehealth for Mental Health Services Post Pandemic](https://browseimages.nyc3.digitaloceanspaces.com/paper-images/2026/04/19/efrRqveL2026-04-19-12-0969e3f3031469a.png)
