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BIOLOGY AP BIO Test 2 (2019) Complete Solution: RATED A

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Which of the following is true of the current state of genome sequencing? a) There are approximately 100 species that have been sequenced. b) Humans, Drosophila, and C. elegans are the only eukaryot... es that have been sequenced. c) Genome sequencing is faster and cheaper than it was 10 years ago. d) Bioinformatic algorithms have made eukaryotic genome assembly and annotation simple. e) There is nothing interesting remaining to be learned from genome sequences. Question 2 Your answer is CORRECT. The nematode C. elegans and humans have almost exactly the same number of protein-coding genes, yet humans are much more complex than C. elegans. This is an example of a) the C-value paradox b) the G-value paradox c) homology d) positive selection e) linkage disequilibrium Question 3 Your answer is CORRECT. Comparing the gene for amidase between two species of mosquitoes, you find that the rate of nonsynonymous substitution is 0.015 and the rate of synonymous substitution is 0.009. Which of the following can you conclude from these data? a) At least some of the mutations in this gene were beneficial. Print Test https://www.casa.uh.edu/CourseWare2008/Root/Pages/CW/Use... 1 of 11 5/5/19, 11:51 PM b) More mutations occur at synonymous sites than nonsynonymous sites. c) Mutations at synonymous sites have experienced heterozygote advantage. d) This gene is evolving neutrally. e) This gene is experiencing strong negative, or purifying, selection. Question 4 Your answer is CORRECT. Figure 10.3 from your text is shown below. Using these data, plus additional information that you know about these organisms, which of the following hypotheses about the evolution of genome size is supported? a) Genome size increases with increasing morphological complexity due to the need for more genes to encode the complex features. b) Species with small population sizes tend to have large genome sizes due to the fixation of slightly deleterious mutations that increase the amount of noncoding DNA in the genome. Print Test https://www.casa.uh.edu/CourseWare2008/Root/Pages/CW/Use... 2 of 11 5/5/19, 11:51 PM c) Genome size is determined by the fraction of a genome that contains coding sequence. d) Plants and animals have larger genomes than microbes because their multicellularity allows them to divide the various genomic functions among different cell types. Question 5 Your answer is CORRECT. Current scientific estimates indicate that Earth is approximately ______________ years old and that life began on Earth approximately ______________ years ago. a) 4.5 billion; 3.5 million b) 4.5 million; 350,000 c) 4.5 billion; 3.5 billion d) 4.5 million; 3.5 million e) We do not have good estimates for these dates. [Show More]

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