NUR 2571 - PNII Module 6 Exam Key Concepts.

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PNII Module 6 Exam Key Concepts Pharmacologic management, collaborative management, planning and implementation of interventions, assessment with clinical manifestations, nursing diagnoses, diagnost... ic tests Congestive Heart Failure - Aka left sided heart failure - Ejection fraction falls below 40% with ventricular dilation in systolic. - Fatigue; weakness; oliguria at day, nocturia at night; angina; confusion, restlessness; tachycardia palpitations; pallor; weak peripheral pulses; cool extremities; hacking cough worse at night; dyspnea; breathlessness; crackles or wheezes in lungs; frothy pink tinged sputum; tachypnea; s3/s4 summation gallop - Electrolytes; elevated BNP; creatinine; hemoglobin; hematocrit; urinalysis for protein levels; ABGs; X-ray for left ventricular failure; echocardiogram; radionuclide studies; Multigated blood pool scans. Aortic/mitral/pulmonary stenosis - Aortic o Dyspnea on exertion; angina; syncope on exertion; fatigue; orthopnea; paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; harsh, systolic crescendo-decrescendo murmur o Most common cardiac valve problem. Often considered disease of wear and tear; left ventricular outflow obstructed during systole. Results in ventricular hypertrophy. Eventually output becomes fixed and cannot speed up to meet the demands which leads to symptoms. - Mitral o Fatigue; dyspnea on exertion; orthopnea; paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea; hemoptysis; hepatomegaly; neck vein distention; pitting edema; atrial fibrillation; rumbling apical diastolic murmur. o Usually results from rheumatic carditis; valve thickening by fibrosis and calcification; most commonly caused by rheumatic fever. Notify provider immediately of irregularly irregular heart rhythm. - Pulmonary o Heart murmur; fatigue; shortness of breath on exertion; angina; loss of consciousness - Often follows endocarditis in IV drug abusers. Tri valve not affected. - Echocardiography to visualize structure and movement of the heart. Exercise tolerance test along with stress echocardiography to evaluate symptomatic response and assess functional capacity. - Diuretics; beta blockers; ACE inhibitors; digoxin; oxygen to improve symptoms of HF. Nitrates administered cautiously due to potential for syncope. Calcium channel [Show More]

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