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2017+lecture+21+TEs+and+variations+in+CNs

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transposable elements = jumping genes discovered by Barbara McClintock in maize transposable elements = jumping genes first evidence by Marcus Roades in 1930s and described in detail b ... y Barbara McClintock in maize from 1940 onwards but they exist in many organism including mammals, insects, plants…… the human genome Classification two different major classes RETROTRANSPOSONS - RETROPOSONS transpose via reverse transcription of an RNA intermediate TRANSPOSONS transpose DNA directly without an RNA intermediate • many different types • some with cool names: mariner, gypsy, looper, springer, hopper, stalker, invader, diver, frogger • can be 50 bp to 10 kb in length • different copy numbers: one to 100 thousands • “selfish” • carrying only information that allows their self-perpetuation • however, there are examples where they have functions in the host • maintain telomere length in non-LTR LINEs: long interspersed elements L1: app. 20000 copies, 6.4 kb SINEs: short interspersed elements Alu: app. 300000 copies, 0.28 kb LTR: long terminal repeats appr. 45% of the total genome ...............................CONTINUED............................... [Show More]

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