Chapter 2
1. Define the common terms used in pharmacology
Pharmacokinetic- the study of what the body does to the drug; involves the processes of
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; the study of what
...
Chapter 2
1. Define the common terms used in pharmacology
Pharmacokinetic- the study of what the body does to the drug; involves the processes of
absorption, distribution, metabolism, and excretion; the study of what happens to a drug
from the time it is put into the body until the parent drug and all metabolites have left the
body; represent the drug absorption into, distribution and metabolism within, and
excretion from the body
Pharmacodynamics- the study of what the drug does to the body; involves drug–
receptor relationships.
First-pass effect- initial metabolism in the liver of a drug absorbed from the GI tract
before the drug reaches systemic circulation through the bloodstream; reduces the
bioavaibility of less than 100%, whereas drugs administered by the intravenous route are
100% bioavailable
Bioavaibility- a measure of the extent of a drug absorption for a given drug and route
(from 0% to 100%)
Protein-binding
Onset of action- time required for a drug to elicit a therapeutic response after dosings
Peak Effect – the time required for a drug to reach its max. therapeutic response
Duration of action- the length of time the concentration of a drug in the blood or tissues
is sufficient to elict a response
Half-life – in pharmacokinetics, the time required for half of an administered dose of
drug to be eliminated by the body, or the time it takes for the blood level of a drug to be
reduced
Therapeutic index- ratio btwn toxic and therapeutic concentrations of a drug
Trough level- lowest blood level; the lowest concentration of a drug reached in the body
after it falls from its peak level, usually measured in blood sample for therapeutic drug
monitoring
Peak level- highest blood level; done usually at 12th level after 3rd dose; the max.
concentration of a drug in the body after administration, usually measured in a blood
sample for therapeutic drug monitoring
Agonist- drug that binds to and stimulates the activity of one or more receptors in the
body
Antagonist- drug that binds to and inhibits the activity of one or more receptors in the
body; also called inhibitors
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