NUR2407: Pharmacology Exam 2 Review
Educating patients on how to use metered dose inhalers (wait 1 min between puffs, etc.).
• give 1 minute between puffs
• after every dose your pt must rinse mouth and spit.
• in sh
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NUR2407: Pharmacology Exam 2 Review
Educating patients on how to use metered dose inhalers (wait 1 min between puffs, etc.).
• give 1 minute between puffs
• after every dose your pt must rinse mouth and spit.
• in short term of asthma or CPOD- might need to use IV glucocorticoids in ACUTE situations
2. Know the difference between short- and long-term treatments for asthma and COPD
short- acting beta2 agonists (SABAs): brochodialators (-buteral)
• taken PRN (as needed) to abort an ongoing attack
• take before exercise to prevent an attack from happening
• can be given as a inhaler of nebulizer(hospital way)
Long- acting beta2 agonists (LABAs) antinflammatory glucocorticoids (-sone)
• long-term control inpatient who experience frequent attacks
• given on a fixed schedule; NOT on PRN
• effective in treating stable COPD• must be combined with a glucocorticoid Adverse effects of bronchodilators:
• Inhaled: systemic- tachycardia, angina, tremors
• oral: excessive dosage- angina, tachydysrhythmias, tremors
• other bronchodilators: theophylline (very common)- has a very narrow therapeutic index of 10-20
3. Know classifications for respiratory drugs (what’s used as a rescue inhaler, and what is for long
term management)
Bronchodilators: Beta2 agonists (albuterol) • Rescue inhaler
• To be used BEFORE steroid inhalers
• provide symptomatic relief (acute attack) but do not alter the underlying disease process (inflammation)
Anti-inflammatory agents: Glucocorticoids (prednisone, budesonide, fluticasone)
• taken long term steroids
• Most effective antiasthma drug available
• Usually administered by inhalation but can be given via IV or opioids if in an emergency situation
• Glucocorticoid dosing is on a fixed schedule, not as needed (PRN)
• used to prevent exacerbations
• Inhaled glucocorticoids are much safer than systemic glucocorticoids
4. Treatment of acute asthma
• when dealing with a patient with Acute Asthma you may need to use Iv corticoids, nebulizer
(albuterol, ipratropium, and oxygen)
• A nebulized, high-dose SABA (Albuterol)—To relieve airflow obstruction
• Nebulized Ipratropium (anticholinergic)—To further reduce airflow obstruction; often used second in line in a acute attack- after albuterol
5. Administration of glucocorticoids (IV vs inhaled, nursing interventions, pt. education)
• Usually administered by inhalation but can be given via IV or opioids if in an emergency situation
• Glucocorticoid dosing is on a fixed schedule, not as needed (PRN)
• during the time of discontinuation (including switching to inhaled glucocorticoids), mustbe given supplemental oral or IV Glucocorticoids at times of severe stress
• educate patient to rise mouth and spit after every inhalation inhaled:
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