Biology > STUDY GUIDE > BIOS 105Breast Cancer - Course Project (All)

BIOS 105Breast Cancer - Course Project

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Background and History Background and History  HER2 is short for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Triple negative breast cancer means that the three most common types of receptors ... known to fuel most breast cancer growth - estrogen, progesterone, and the HER2/neu gene are not present in the cancer tumor.  HER2 is short for human epidermal growth factor receptor 2. Triple negative breast cancer means that the three most common types of receptors known to fuel most breast cancer growth - estrogen, progesterone, and the HER2/neu gene are not present in the cancer tumor. The knowledge of breast cancer has been around for centuries. The first mention of breast cancer was documented in Egypt around 1600 BC. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, an ancient text that was found in 1860 in an Egyptian tomb, described eight cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast. Back then unfortunately the medicine technology and medicinal advances of today were not available, and it was determined there was no treatment. It was not until the 19th century that breast cancer demanded serious attention from the medical community. The knowledge of breast cancer has been around for centuries. The first mention of breast cancer was documented in Egypt around 1600 BC. The Edwin Smith Papyrus, an ancient text that was found in 1860 in an Egyptian tomb, described eight cases of tumors or ulcers of the breast. Back then unfortunately the medicine technology and medicinal advances of today were not available, and it was determined there was no treatment. It was not until the 19th century that breast cancer demanded serious attention from the medical community. Symptoms • a lump or thickening in an area of the breast • a change in the size, shape or feel of the breast • dimpling of the skin • a change in the shape of your nipple, particularly if it turns in, sinks into the breast, or has an irregular shape • a blood-stained discharge from the nipple • a rash on a nipple or surrounding area • a swelling or lump in the armpit Diagnosis Triple negative breast cancer consists of some of the following tests • a mammogram (an x-ray of the breast) • an ultrasound (imaging using sound waves) • a biopsy (taking a small sample of cells or tissue to look at under a microscope) Treatments Triple negative breast cancer surgery - to remove an area of the breast or the whole breast. chemotherapy - If you have chemotherapy before surgery the aim will be to shrink a large cancer enough to operate or that you can have an area of the breast removed instead of a full mastectomy. However, usually chemotherapy is after the operation to reduce the risk of the breast cancer coming back. Your treatment will depend on • where the cancer is located • the stage or the size and whether the cancer has spread • the grade or how abnormal the cells look under the microscope • your general overall health at the time [Show More]

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