Experiment 1: Qualitative Analysis of Cations
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment was to identify cations of specific unknown solutions by
observing the reactions taken place when different tests were conducte
...
Experiment 1: Qualitative Analysis of Cations
Introduction
The purpose of this experiment was to identify cations of specific unknown solutions by
observing the reactions taken place when different tests were conducted. In experimental
chemistry, there are two types of analysis, qualitative and quantitative1. In this experiment,
qualitative analysis which is the identification of the substance or component of the mixtures in
the experiment1. The cations of the unknown solution can be found by observing the outcome of
each reaction, as well as by the formation of a precipitate (or lack thereof). The unknown
solution can have four possible ions, Pb2+, Al3+, Cu2 and Fe3+. The equations in the pre-lab were
used to help determine the ions in the solution. Lastly, this experiment highlighted the use of
qualitative analysis and observation, as well as applying previous knowledge to properly detect
and identify the cations in the solutions. It requires the understanding of the principles of
chemical equilibria as applied to precipitation, acid-base and reduction-oxidation reactions2. This
lab report outlines the procedure, the results and discusses the course and outcome of the
experiment.
Experimental Method
The experiment was conducted in accordance with the CHM120 Course Manual
following the experimental procedure of creating the solutions and testing for the presence of
different cations.
The following significant deviations occurred where only Steps 1-7 from the procedure where
completed while the remaining Steps 8-11 were not performed. Not all confirmation tests were
performed due to the lack of time as the experiment was a lengthy detailed one.
For further details, please refer to CHM120 lab manual, Experiment 1: Qualitative Analysis of
Cations, pages: (20-29).
Results and Calculations
Unknown Solution Number: 3
Cations Present: Pb2+, Cu2+, and Fe2+
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