Week 5 : Part One
Issues in Growth and Development
Today you note that Kayla is back with Jo for behavioral issues.
HPI: Kayla (mom) returns with Jo, the 5 year-old female child to the clinic and complains of behavior
...
Week 5 : Part One
Issues in Growth and Development
Today you note that Kayla is back with Jo for behavioral issues.
HPI: Kayla (mom) returns with Jo, the 5 year-old female child to the clinic and complains of behavioral difficulties. Kayla reports that since moving back in with her parents, Jo has started throwing tantrums and refusing to obey. The mother reports that Jo has always been active with frequent changes in activity and difficulty in staying seated or minding her own business. However, since the move and starting kindergarten, others have commented on difficulties in behavior, including Kayla’s own parents and Jo’s teacher.
PMH: No change in diet; no fever; no communicable disease symptoms; continues children’s chewable multivitamin with iron daily; sleep includes going to bed around 10 p.m. at night and being awakened at 6 A.M. for school. She continues to be difficult to get in bed with frequently getting up in the first hour of bedtime.
What additional OLDCART and ROS information would you like? Why?
I will like to know onset of symptoms, when these behaviors were noticed in Jo?
How consistent are the occurrence of these behaviors,? what are the specific symptoms that are been displayed? Does these disturbance causes clinically significant distress or impairment in social, academic, or occupational functioning?
I will like to assess Jo’s bedtime struggles, excessive temper tantrums, excessive activity and impulsivity, anxiety. What have been done to manage the situations? How is everyone in the home managing these situations? Is there a history of mental illness in the family? Are there any developmental issues with Jo?
Based on the case study, Jo’s behavior characteristics exhibit these domains, which have gotten worse since moving in with her grandparents. She has experienced family stress situations, separation from
her father, moving from her original home to her grandparents, and starting school. According to DSM V, behavioral symptoms must be present in 2 or more situations, such as school, work, or home, and longer than 3months to diagnose diseases like ADHD, ODD, anxiety and depression (Bowles, 2013).
Differential diagnoses with rationale?
Adjustment disorder:
What are Jo’s symptoms?
When did you first notice these symptoms?
What major changes have recently occurred in Jo’s life, both positive and negative?
How does Jo interact with friends or family?
How often does Jo feel sad or depressed?
How often does Jo feel anxious or worried?
Does Jo have trouble sleeping and staying asleep?
Does Jo have difficulty finishing tasks at home, work or school ?
How often does Jo get in trouble at school ?
What other symptoms or behaviors are causing Jo distress? Have you been bullied at any time?
Oppositional Defiant disorder
What concerns you about your Jo’s behavior?
When did you first notice these problems? Does Jo have these problems only at home or even outside the home? How does Jo interact with others?
How often over the last six months has Jo been spiteful or vindictive, or blamed others for her own mistakes?
How often over the last six months has Jo been easily annoyed or deliberately annoying to others?
How often over the last six months has Jo argued with adults or defied or refused adults' requests?
How often over the last six months has Jo been visibly angry or lost her temper?
Do any particular situations seem to trigger negative or defiant behavior in Jo?
How have you been handling Jo’s disruptive behavior?
How do you typically discipline Jo?
How would you describe Jo’s home and family life?
What stresses has the family been dealing with?
Has Jo been diagnosed with any other medical conditions, including mental health conditions?
ADHD
When did you first notice Jo’s behavior issues?
Do the troubling behaviors occur all the time or only in certain situations?
How severe are Jo’s difficulties?
What, if anything, appears to worsen Jo’s behavior?
What, if anything, seems to improve Jo’s behavior?
Does Jo drink sodas; eat food with empty calories like candies, cookies? How much?
What are Jo’s sleep hours and patterns?
How is Jo’s current and past academic performance?
Does Jo read at home? Does she have trouble reading?
What discipline methods have you used at home? Which ones are effective?
Describe who lives at home and a typical daily routine.
Bowles, T. (2013). Book Review: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition. Mental Health Clinician, 3(2), 107–107. doi:10.9740/mhc.n163617
Casey, P., & Bailey, S. (2011). Adjustment disorders: the state of the art. World Psychiatry, 10(1), 11–18. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00003.x
Drabick, D. A. G., & Gadow, K. D. (2012). Deconstructing oppositional defiant disorder: Clinic-based evidence for an anger/irritability phenotype. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(4), 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.010
Iudici, A., Faccio, E., Belloni, E., & Costa, N. (2014). The use of the ADHD diagnostic label: What implications exist for children and their families? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 506–509. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1383
REFERENCES
American Psychiatric Association. (2013). Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders.doi:10.1176/appi.books.9780890425596
Bowles, T. (2013). Book Review: Diagnostic and statistical manual of mental disorders, fifth edition. Mental Health Clinician, 3(2), 107–107. doi:10.9740/mhc.n163617
Casey, P., & Bailey, S. (2011). Adjustment disorders: the state of the art. World Psychiatry, 10(1), 11–18. doi:10.1002/j.2051-5545.2011.tb00003.x
Drabick, D. A. G., & Gadow, K. D. (2012). Deconstructing oppositional defiant disorder: Clinic-based evidence for an anger/irritability phenotype. Journal of the American Academy of Child & Adolescent Psychiatry, 51(4), 384–393. doi:10.1016/j.jaac.2012.01.010
Iudici, A., Faccio, E., Belloni, E., & Costa, N. (2014). The use of the ADHD diagnostic label: What implications exist for children and their families? Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 122, 506–509. doi:10.1016/j.sbspro.2014.01.1383
Wilms Floet, A. M., Scheiner, C., & Grossman, L. (2010). Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder. Pediatrics in Review, 31(2), 56–69. doi:10.1542/pir.31-2-56
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