TABLE OF CONTENT
S.NO TITLE PA.
NO
1 SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND COMPACTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Development Of Soil Mechanics 1
1.3 Fields of Application Of Soil Mechanics 2
1.3.1 Foundations 2
1.3.2 Underground
...
TABLE OF CONTENT
S.NO TITLE PA.
NO
1 SOIL CLASSIFICATION AND COMPACTION 1
1.1 Introduction 1
1.2 Development Of Soil Mechanics 1
1.3 Fields of Application Of Soil Mechanics 2
1.3.1 Foundations 2
1.3.2 Underground and Earth-retaining Structures 2
1.3.3 Pavement Design 3
1.3.4 Excavations, Embankments and Dams 3
1.4 SOIL FORMATION 3
1.4.1 Residual soils 4
1.4.2 Transported soils 4
1.5 Soil Profile 4
1.6 Some Commonly Used Soil Designations 5
1.6.1 Geotechnical Engineering 6
1.7 Structure Of Soils 6
1.7.1 Single-Grained Structure 6
1.7.2 Honey-Comb Structure 6
1.7.3 Flocculent Structure 7
1.8 Texture Of Soils 7
1.9 Major Soil Deposits Of India 7
1.9 Phases Relationship
1.9.1. Volumetric Relationships
8
1.9.2. Volume Mass Relationships 9
1.9.3. Volume-Weight Relationships 9
1.9.4 Specific Gravity Of Solids (G) 10
1.9.6 Three Phase Diagram In Terms Of Void Ratio 11
1.9.7 Three Phase Diagram In Terms Of Porosity 11
1.9.10 Relationship Between Dry Mass Density And
Percentage
12
1.11 Soil Classicification 12
1.11.1 Broad Classification Of Soils 13
1.11.2 Symbols Used In Soil Classification: 13
1.11.4 Brief Procedure For Soil Classification: 14
1.13 Index Properties 17
1.14 Engineering Properties 20
1.14.1 Permeability 20
1.15 Compaction 21
1.15.1 Objectives for Compaction 21
1.15.3 Effect of Water on Compaction 22
1.15.4 Standard Proctor Compaction Test 23
1.15.6 Compaction adopted in the field 27
2 SOIL WATER AND WATER FLOW 30
2.1 Introduction 30
2.2.2 Classification On Phenomenological Basis
2.2.3 Classification On Structural Aspect
30
30
2.3 Capillary Water 31
2.3.1 Contact Moisture. 32
2.3.2 Capillary Rise 32
2.3.3 Influence Of Clay Minerals 32
2.3.4 Soil Suction 33
2.4 Capillarity Pressure 34
2.4.1 Capillary Action (Or) Capillarity: 34
2.4.2 Contact Moisture. 34
2.5 Effective Stress Concepts In Soil 34
2.5.1 Submerged Soil Mass: 34
2.5.2 Soil Mass With Surcharge: 34
2.5.4 Formation Of Meniscus: 35
2.5.5 Saturated Soil With Capillary Fringe: 35
2.5.6 Soil Shrinkage Characteristics In Swelling Soils 35
2.5.7 Bulking Of Sand 36
2.6 Permeability: 36
2.6.1 Coefficient Of Permeability (Or) Permeability. 36
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