South University. PATHOPHSIO NSG5003Week 8 Patho Quiz. 100% With Instructor Explanation

PATHOPHSIO NSG5003Week 8 Quiz Question 1. Question : Which renal change is found in older adults? Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Sharp decline in renal blood flow Decrease in ...

PATHOPHSIO NSG5003Week 8 Quiz Question 1. Question : Which renal change is found in older adults? Sharp decline in glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Sharp decline in renal blood flow Decrease in the number of nephrons Decrease in urine output Question 2. Question : The area of the kidneys that contains the glomeruli and portions of the tubules is called the: Medulla Cortex Pyramids Columns Question 3. Question : When does urine formation and excretion begin? At birth By three months’ gestation By six months’ gestation By eight months’ gestation Question 4. Question : Anemia of chronic renal failure can be successfully treated with which element? Intrinsic factor Vitamin B12 Vitamin D Erythropoietin Question 5. Question : What is the cause of smoky, brown-colored urine resulting from acute poststreptococcal glomerulonephritis? Presence of red blood cells Presence of urobilinogen Slough from the collecting tubules Protein in the urine Question 6. Question : Which process makes it possible for ureters to be transplanted successfully? Compensatory hypertrophy Erythropoietin secretion Peristalsis Collateral circulation Question 7. Question : Considering the innervation of the circular muscles of the bladder neck, which classification of drugs is used to treat bladder neck obstruction? β-Adrenergic blocking medications α-Adrenergic blocking medications Parasympathomimetic medications Anticholinesterase medications Question 8. Question : Regarding the formation of renal calculi, which function do pyrophosphate, potassium citrate, and magnesium perform? They inhibit crystal growth. They stimulate the supersaturation of salt. They facilitate the precipitation of salts from a liquid to a solid state. They enhance the crystallization of salt crystals to form stones. Question 9. Question : Which clinical manifestations of a UTI may be demonstrated in an eighty-five-year-old individual? Confusion and poorly localized abdominal discomfort Dysuria, frequency, and suprapubic pain Hematuria and flank pain Pyuria, urgency, and frequency Question 10. Question : Bacteria gain access to the female urinary tract by which means? Systemic blood that is filtered through the kidney Bacteria traveling from the lymph adjacent to the bladder and kidneys Bacteria ascending the urethra into the bladder Colonization of the bladder when urine is static Question 11. Question : Which term is used to identify the movement of fluids and solutes from the tubular lumen to the peritubular capillary plasma? Tubular secretion Ultrafiltration Tubular reabsorption Tubular excretion Question 12. Question : The concentration of the final urine is determined by antidiuretic hormone (ADH), which is secreted by which gland? Posterior pituitary Thyroid Parathyroid Anterior pituitary Question 13. Question : What is the functional unit of the kidney called? Glomerulus Nephron Collecting duct Pyramid Question 14. Question : What is the pathophysiologic process responsible for the autoimmune disorder of hemolytic-uremic syndrome (HUS)? Immunoglobulin A (IgA) coats erythrocytes that are destroyed by the spleen, and remnants are excreted through the kidneys. Verotoxin from Escherichia coli (E. coli) is absorbed from the intestines and damages erythrocytes and endothelial cells. Endotoxins from E. coli block the erythropoietin produced by the kidneys, which reduces the number of erythrocytes produced by the bone marrow. Failure of the nephrons to filter urea increases the blood urea nitrogen (BUN), which binds to erythrocytes that are subsequently destroyed by the spleen. Question 15. Question : Bladder cancer is associated with the gene mutation of which gene? c-erbB2 Human epidermal growth factor receptor 2 (HER2) TP53 myc Question 16. Question : Which differentiating sign is required to distinguish the diagnosis of pyelonephritis from that of cystitis? Difficulty starting the stream of urine Spasmodic pain that radiates to the groin Increased glomerular filtration rate (GFR) Urinalysis confirmation of white blood cell casts Question 17. Question : Hypothyroidism, edema, hyperlipidemia, and lipiduria characterize which kidney disorder? Nephrotic syndrome Acute glomerulonephritis (AGN) Chronic glomerulonephritis Pyelonephritis Question 18. Question : A patient exhibits symptoms including hematuria with red blood cell casts and proteinuria exceeding 3 to 5 g/day, with albumin as the major protein. These data suggest the presence of which disorder? Cystitis Chronic pyelonephritis Glomerulonephritis Nephrotic syndrome Question 19. Question : Kidney stones in the upper part of the ureter would produce pain referred to which anatomical area? Vulva or penis Umbilicus Thighs Lower abdomen Question 20. Question : How much urine accumulates in the bladder before the mechanoreceptors sense bladder fullness? 75 to 100 mL 100 to 150 mL 250 to 300 mL 350 to 400 mL