HESI - Admission Assessment Exam Review-Elsevier (2012).pdf

HESI ADMISSION ASSESSMENT Exam Review Third Edition Sandra Upchurch, PhD, RN Director of Curriculum, Review and Testing/HESI Billie Sharp Content Manager, Elsevier Health Sciences 23251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, ...

HESI ADMISSION ASSESSMENT Exam Review Third Edition Sandra Upchurch, PhD, RN Director of Curriculum, Review and Testing/HESI Billie Sharp Content Manager, Elsevier Health Sciences 23251 Riverport Lane St. Louis, Missouri 63043 ADMISSION ASSESSMENT EXAM REVIEW ISBN: 978-1-4557-0333-3 Copyright © 2013 by Elsevier Inc. Copyright © 2009 by Mosby, Inc., an affiliate of Elsevier Inc. No part of this publication may be reproduced or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, including photocopying, recording, or any information storage and retrieval system, without permission in writing from the publisher. Details on how to seek permission, further information about the Publisher’s permissions policies and our arrangements with organizations such as the Copyright Clearance Center and the Copyright Licensing Agency, can be found at our website: www.elsevier.com/permissions. This book and the individual contributions contained in it are protected under copyright by the Publisher (other than as may be noted herein). Notices Knowledge and best practice in this field are constantly changing. As new research and experience broaden our understanding, changes in research methods, professional practices, or medical treatment may become necessary. Practitioners and researchers must always rely on their own experience and knowledge in evaluating and using any information, methods, compounds, or experiments described herein. In using such information or methods they should be mindful of their own safety and the safety of others, including parties for whom they have a professional responsibility. With respect to any drug or pharmaceutical products identified, readers are advised to check the most current information provided (i) on procedures featured or (ii) by the manufacturer of each product to be administered, to verify the recommended dose or formula, the method and duration of administration, and contraindications. It is the responsibility of practitioners, relying on their own experience and knowledge of their patients, to make diagnoses, to determine dosages and the best treatment for each individual patient, and to take all appropriate safety precautions. To the fullest extent of the law, neither the Publisher nor the authors, contributors, or editors, assume any liability for any injury and/or damage to persons or property as a matter of products liability, negligence or otherwise, or from any use or operation of any methods, products, instructions, or ideas contained in the material herein. International Standard Book Number: 978-1-4557-0333-3 Content Manager: Billie Sharp Freelance Developmental Editor: Betsy McCormac Publishing Services Manager: Catherine Jackson Senior Project Manager: David Stein Design Direction: Margaret Reid Printed in the United States Last digit is the print number: 9 8 7 6 5 4 3 2 1 34PREFACE Congratulations on purchasing the HESI Admission Assessment Exam Review. This study guide was developed based on the HESI Admission Assessment Exam and is designed to assist students in preparation for entrance into higher education in a variety of health-related professions. Test items on the HESI Admission Assessment Exam are not specifically derived from this study guide; however, the content contained in the study guide provides an overview of the subjects tested on the Admission Assessment Exam and is meant to guide students’ preparation for the exam. The HESI Admission Assessment Exam Review is written at the high school and beginning college levels and offers the basic knowledge that is necessary to be successful on the Admission Assessment Exam. The HESI Admission Assessment consists of 10 different exams—eight academically oriented exams and two personally oriented exams. The academically oriented subjects consist of • Mathematics • Reading Comprehension • Vocabulary • Grammar • Biology • Chemistry • Anatomy and Physiology • Physics The chapters include conversion tables and practice problems in the Mathematics chapter; step-by-step explanations in the Reading Comprehension and Grammar chapters; a substantial list of words used in health professions in the Vocabulary chapter; rationales and sample questions in the Biology, Chemistry, and Physics chapters; and helpful terminology in the Anatomy and Physiology chapter. Also included throughout the exam review are “HESI Hint” boxes, which are designed to offer students a suggestion, an example, or a reminder pertaining to a specific topic. The personally oriented exams consist of a Learning Style assessment and a Personality Profile. These exams are intended to offer students insights about their study habits, learning preferences, and dispositions relating to academic achievement. Students generally like to take these exams for the purpose of personal insight and discussion. Because each of the exams takes only approximately 15 minutes to complete, the school may include them in their administration of the Admission Assessment Exam. Schools can choose to administer any one or all of these exams provided by the Admission Assessment. For example, programs that do not require biology, chemistry, anatomy and physiology, or physics for entry into the program would not administer those Admission Assessment science-oriented exams. The HESI Admission Assessment Exam has been used by colleges, universities, and health-related institutions as part of the selection and placement process for applicants and newly admitted students for approximately 10 years. 5Study Hints It is always a good idea to prepare for any exam. When you begin to study for the Admission Assessment Exam, make sure you allocate adequate time and do not feel rushed. Set up a schedule that provides an hour or two each day to review material in the HESI Admission Assessment Exam Review. Mark the time you set aside on a calendar to remind yourself when to study each day. Review the material for each section in the Admission Assessment Exam Review that is relevant to your particular field of the healthcare professions. Complete the review questions at the end of each chapter. Then complete the corresponding Practice Test in the Appendix. If you are having trouble with the review questions or the Practice Test for a particular section, review that content in the study guide again. It may also be helpful to go back to your textbook and class notes for additional review. 6Test-Taking Hints 1. Read each question carefully and completely. Make sure you understand what the question is asking. 2. Identify the key words or phrases in the question. These words or phrases will provide critical information about how to answer the question. 3. Rephrase the question in your words. a. Ask yourself, “What is the question really asking?” b. Eliminate nonessential information from the question. c. Sometimes writers use terminology that may be unfamiliar to you. Do not be confused by a new writing style. 4. Rule out options (if they are presented). a. Read all of the responses completely. b. Rule out any options that are clearly incorrect. c. Mentally mark through incorrect options in your head. d. Differentiate between the remaining options, considering your knowledge of the subject. 5. Computer tests do not allow an option for skipping questions and returning to them later. Practice answering every question as it appears. Do not second-guess yourself. TRUST YOUR ANSWERS. 7Table of Contents Copyright Preface Chapter 1: Mathematics Chapter 2: Reading Comprehension Chapter 3: Vocabulary Chapter 4: Grammar Chapter 5: Biology Chapter 6: Chemistry Chapter 7: Anatomy and Physiology Chapter 8: Physics Appendixes Appendix A: Mathematics Practice Test Appendix B: Reading Comprehension Practice Test Appendix C: Vocabulary Practice Test Appendix D: Grammar Practice Test Appendix E: Biology Practice Test Appendix F: Chemistry Practice Test Appendix G: Anatomy and Physiology Practice Test Appendix H: Physics Practice Test Glossary 81 Mathematics Chapter outline Basic Addition and Subtraction Basic Multiplication (Whole Numbers) Basic Division (Whole Numbers) Decimals Fractions Multiplication of Fractions Division of Fractions Changing Fractions to Decimals Changing Decimals to Fractions Ratios and Proportions Percentages Regular Time versus Military Time Algebra Helpful Information to Memorize Answers to Sample Problems Key terms Common Denominator Constant Denominator Digit Dividend Divisor Exponent Expression Factor Fraction Bar Improper Fraction Least Common Denominator Numerator Percent Place Value Product Proper Fraction Proportion Quotient Ratio 9Reciprocals Remainder Terminating Decimal Variable Members of the health professions use math every day to calculate medication dosages, radiation limits, nutritional needs, mental status, intravenous drip rates, intake and output, and a host of other requirements related to their clients. Safe and effective care is the goal of all who work in the health professions. Therefore it is essential that students entering the health professions be able to understand and make calculations using whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages. The purpose of this chapter is to review the addition, subtraction, multiplication, and division of whole numbers, fractions, decimals, and percentages. Basic algebra skills will also be reviewed: evaluating expressions, and solving for a specific variable. Mastery of these basic mathematic functions is an integral step toward a career in the health professions. 10Basic Addition and Subtraction 11Vocabulary Digit: Any number 1 through 9 and 0 (e.g., the number 7 is a digit). Place Value: The value of the position of a digit in a number (e.g., in the number 321, the number 2 is in the “tens” position). (From Ogden SJ, Fluharty LK: Calculation of drug dosages: A work text, ed 9, St. Louis, 2012, Elsevier/Mosby.) HESI Hint 1 ten = 10 ones 1 hundred = 100 ones 1 thousand = 1000 ones 12Basic Addition Example 1 462 + 133 462 + 133 595 Steps 1. Line up the digits according to place value. 2. Add the digits starting from right to left: • Ones: 2 + 3 = 5 • Tens: 6 + 3 = 9 • Hundreds: 4 + 1 = 5 13Addition with Regrouping HESI Hint To solve an addition problem, it may be necessary to regroup by moving, or carrying over, an extra digit from one place value column to the next. Example 2 835 + 559 1 835 + 559 1,394 Steps 1. Line up the digits according to place value. 2. Add: • Ones: 5 + 9 = 14 • Carry the 1 to the tens place, which is one place to the left. • Tens: 1 + 3 + 5 = 9 • Hundreds: 8 + 5 = 13 14Basic Subtraction Subtraction provides the difference between two numbers. HESI Hint It may be easier to solve a subtraction problem by first rewriting it vertically. Example 1