AREAS COVERED.
Foundations for Nursing Practice:
Urinary Elimination Study Notes.
Micturition:
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Act of Urination
Factors Influencing Urination
Common Urinary Eli
...
AREAS COVERED.
Foundations for Nursing Practice:
Urinary Elimination Study Notes.
Micturition:
Kidneys
Ureters
Bladder
Urethra
Act of Urination
Factors Influencing Urination
Common Urinary Elimination Problems
Urinary Retention
-Symptomatic infection
-Lower UTI (bladder) symptoms:
-Catheter-associated UTI’s (CAUTI’s):
Urinary Incontinence
**Infection Control and Hygiene**
**Implications for Practice with Older adults (Box-46-2)**
Psychosocial Implications
***Nursing Process***
Pattern of urination
Bladder
External Genitalia and Urethral Meatus
Assessment of Urine
Intake and Output
Characteristics of Urine
Clarity
Odor
Laboratory Diagnostic Testing
Routine Urinalysis**
• Casts (cylindrical bodies not normally present, the shapes of which take on the likeliness of objects within the renal tubule):
• Crystals (not normally present):
Diagnostic Examinations (Review Box 46-5)
-----Diagnosis-----
Thorough assessment of urinary elimination function reveals patterns of data that allow a nurse to make relevant and accurate nursing diagnosis
Setting Priorities
-----Implementation-----
***Patient Education for a Healthy Bladder (Box 46-7)***
1. Maintain adequate hydration.
2. Keep good voiding habits:
Promoting Normal Micturition
Maintaining Elimination Habits
Maintaining Adequate Fluid Intake
Promote Complete Bladder Emptying
Preventing Infection
Acute Care
Catheterization
Types of Catheters
Catheter sizes:
Catheter Drainage Systems
-To keep the drainage system patent:
Catheter Irrigations and Instillations
Preventing Catheter-Associated Infection
Preventing Catheter-Associated Urinary Tract Infections (Box 46-10)***
Removal of Indwelling Catheter
Alternative to Catheterization
Suprapubic Catheterization
External Catheter
Urinary Diversions
Medications
Continuing and Restorative Care
**Behavioral Therapy:
Lifestyle Changes
Pelvic Floor Muscle Training
Baldder Retraining
Toileting Schedules
-Timed voiding or scheduled toileting
-Habit training
-Prompted voiding iwith mild or moderately cognitive impairment
Intermittent Catheterization
Skin Care
-Incontinence-associated dermatitis (IAD)
-----Evaluation-----
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