Copy of AP Human Geo Unit 7 Study Guide URBANIZATION AND CITIES #JohnsonAPHG7

sential Unit Questions: ● What factors initiate and drive urbanization and suburbanization? Why are urban areas expanding? Urban areas are expanding because of the mass immigration into city areas over immigration in ...

sential Unit Questions: ● What factors initiate and drive urbanization and suburbanization? Why are urban areas expanding? Urban areas are expanding because of the mass immigration into city areas over immigration into suburbs and other areas. Urban areas are expanding because of the population growing in size substantially. ● How can models help us understand the distribution and size of cities? With the help of models, we can see how population stacks up to be, because with the other country population models, they have different designs because of the difference in population and how that affects the population of citizens. ● Where are people distributed within urban areas? Most people are distributed in cities, not within the inner city, because that is where most businesses are, and it isn’t a very desirable place to live. ● How can models of internal city structure and urban development and land use provide a framework for urban analysis? ● How do built landscapes and social space reflect the attitudes and values of a population? ● Why do urban areas face economic, social, political, cultural, and environmental challenges? Key Terms Ecumene: Term used to describe inhabited land. Settlement: A settlement is a place that has always had a population present. City/Urban area: A settlement with very high population density, a bunch of people living in a (sometimes) not big enough place. Suburb: An outlying place from a city that is normally residential. Rural area: Places outside of a city and suburb, usually plants are grown here, and it is sometimes known as a countryside. Urbanization: Urbanization is the process of becoming more urbanized for a city or a suburb, usually urbanization occurs in an area that is not as developed as other areas, usually in a LDC. Suburbanization: Suburbanization is the process of decreasing in urbanization, it normally occurs in MDCs, that are beginning to hit the top and as high as they can go, urbanization wise. Infrastructure: Is the basic building and structures in an area. Examples: roads, buildings, and power lines. Metropolitan area: Is the area where most commuters go through, it is a region consisting of a densely populated urban core. Megacities: A very large city, population is normally over 10 million. World cities: A city that is an important node in the global economic system. Megalopolis: A very large, heavily populated city or urban complex. Arithmetic density: The total number of people divided by the total land area. Municipality: A city or town that has corporate status and local government. Cities, Urbanization, and Suburbanization Origins of cities - City-states: A city that with its surrounding territory forms a state. - Urban hearths (where and why?): - Mesopotamia (1st): 3500 BCE - they had social inequality, was protected by a mud wall, threw waste into the streets. - say that this is not a hearth but rather a case of of diffusion from Mesopotamia, did not bring walls around the city, interrelationship between urbanization and irrigation. - Indus River Valley (3rd): 2200 BCE - Intricate planning of the cities points to the existence of a leadership class, no palaces or monuments, cities had thick walls, they had significant trade over long distances. Factors that drive urbanization: - Social - People choose to live in cities to look for jobs and places to live - Better education, health care, job and leisure activities, television and media promote this by showing city living positively. - Environmental - As cities get larger, more land is needed to grow these cities. - More farmland is paved over - Some people don't want to live in the city core because of how heavy the population density was. - Economic - Large population=wide range of economic activity and more demand for manufactured goods and services. - Causes manufacturing and service industry to grow/develop which creates new jobs. - Political - People in government and city planners have an impact on land growth and where land should be developed. - Where to place transportation routes, housing, and sewers