NURS 229 Exam 2 review (2020) updated – College of Mount Saint Vincent | NURS229 Exam 2 review (2020) updated

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NURS 229 Exam 2 review (2020) updated – College of Mount Saint Vincent Nursing 229: Concepts Exam 2 Review Delegation: • Assess and diagnose before deciding who should care for a particu... lar client by the clients needs, Identify which staff member is best suited for the task that meets the clients goals or interventions- Evaluate the nurse delegating must oversee the care and determine whether the clients needs have been met. Safety- How to handle emergencies: • Falls: identify those who are at risk for falls; teach clients measures for increasing safety in their environment. Assess patients for falls as soon as they are admitted, and for patients at risk repeat every 8 hours. Use get up and go test if you suspect they are at risk (difficulty ambulating or prior falls) • Choking: first thing someone should do is call 911, use the choking rescue maneuver which is an emergency procedure for removing foreign objects lodged in the airway OR the Hiemlich maneuver which makes use of the abdominal thrusts Phases of a Drug: • Absorption: refers to the movement of the drug from the site of administration into the bloodstream • Distribution: is the transportation of a drug in body fluids (usually the bloodstream) to various tissues and organs of the body • Metabolism: (aka biotransformation) is the chemical inactivation of a drug through its conversion into a more water-soluble compound or into metabolites that can be excreted from the body • Excretion: a drug continues to act in the body until it is excreted and inorder for that to occur, drug molecules must be removed from their sites of activation and eliminated from the body -Common organs of excretion: Kidneys, Liver & GI tract, lungs, and exocrine glands • Enterohepatic Recirculation- Other drugs (fat soluble agents) are reabsorbed by the bloodstream, distributed to the target site and returned to the liver. Medication Administration Routes & Benefits: • Oral: drug is swallowed and absorbed from the stomach or small instestine Advantage= convenient, sterility is not needed, economical, noninvasive low risk procedure, easy to administer & good for self- administration, capsule can mask, capsule can be time-release • Enteral: drug is given directly into the stomach or intestine (through nasogastric or gastrostomy tube) Advantages= can be used for patients with impaired swallowing as an alternative to parenteral administration • Sublingual: (a variation of transmucosal administration) the drug is held under the tounge and absorbed across the sublingual mucous membrane Advantages= used for local or systematic effects, convenient, sterility not needed, quick delivery to general circulation, bypasses stomach and intestines; absorbed directly into bloodstream • Buccal/Transmucosal: medication is held against the mucous membrane of cheek until it dissolves Advantages= same as sublingual, rapid, convenient, portable • Topical (skin): the drug acts locally or is absorbed directly through skin (transdermal or percutaneous absorption) Advantages= continuous dosing, sterility is not needed, for local or systematic effects, long-acting systemic effect, useful if patient is unable to take oral medications, acceptable to most patients • Topical instillations: drug is placed into a body cavity (urinary bladder, rectum, vagina, ears, nose, eyes) Advantages= continuous dosing, sterility is not needed, useful is patient is unable to take oral medications, may be used for local or systemic effects • Topical inhalation: a device (nebulizer, face mask) breaks the drug into finely dispersed particles, which are breathed into respiratory passages. Some are intented for local effects in the respiratory passages, and others (anesthetic gases) are for systemic effects (brain) Advantages= quick and efficient local and systemic route through the lungs, may be given to unconscious patient, allows continuous dosing and dosage can be easily modified • ALL PARENTERAL routes patients may be conscious or unconscious • Parenteral intravenous: the drug is injected directly into the vein, either by bolus or slow infusion Advantages= rapid effects because absorption is bypassed; therefore, good for emergency situation, patient needs only one needlestick, even for multiple doses • Parenteral intramuscular: drug is injected into the muscle mass Advantages= rapid absorption except for oily preparations or suspensions, allows use of drugs that are not stable in solution, causes less pain, allows administration of larger volume than subcut, allows more rapid than subcut or oral • Parenteral subcutaneous: drug is injected into the subcutaneous tissue under the skin Advantages= allows faster action than does oral, allows better absorption of lipid-soluble drugs than does IM • Parenteral intradermal: the drug is injected under the skin, into the dermis. Most commonly used for diagnostic testing or screening or for injecting local anesthetic - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - Skin: • Infants and young children: feels smooth because of less exposure to environment; as children are exposed to sun and other elements skin becomes coarser. • Sex hormones released during puberty increase sweat gland activity, acne • As adults age, the activity of subaceous and sweat glands diminishes, resulting in drier skin (xerosis=itchy, dry, red, scaly, crackled, or fissured skin) causes skin breakdown Holism: • Relationship among all living things and emphasizes the relationships among all living things and emphasizes the need to change lifestyle behaviors that increase vulnerability to illness • The mind and the body are separate; All things affecting and being affected by eachother A holistic approach expands the patients encounter to include methods of enhancing the persons resistance to the illness [Show More]

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