Fluids and electrolyte imbalance: ~8 questions
● Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia and dehydration vs. hypervolemia; sources of fluid loss and intake
○ Dehydration/ hypovolemia
- Causes: anything that causes a loss of
...
Fluids and electrolyte imbalance: ~8 questions
● Signs and symptoms of hypovolemia and dehydration vs. hypervolemia; sources of fluid loss and intake
○ Dehydration/ hypovolemia
- Causes: anything that causes a loss of water/blood/fluid
■ Hemorrhage
■ Vomiting/Diarrhea
■ Burns
■ Fever
■ Long term
1. Signs/symptoms: less blood,
■ BP decrease
■ Increase pulse rate
■ Orthostatic hypotension
■ Impaired motor function
■ Increased respirations
■ Increased body temp
● Every degree celsius
- Treatment: replace fluid
■ Oral fluid replacement
■ Slow IV infusion (crystalloid IVs)
■ Increase fluid intake
○ Fluid overload/ hypervolemia
- Causes:
■ Late phase kidney failure
■ Long-term corticosteroid therapy
■ SIADH
■ Psychiatric disorders with
- Signs/ Symptoms:
■ Increase pulse rate: bounding pulse
■ Elevated BP
■ Increase Resp. Rate, shallow
■ Paresthesia: “pins and needles”
■ Pitting edema
- Treatment:
■ PATIENT SAFETY IS PRIORITY #1
NPO/unconsciousness
■ Profuse salivation
■ Fistulas
■ GI suction
■ Diabetes insipidus
increase above normal = additional 500 mL fluid loss
■ Neck veins distended in supine position
■ Change in mental status
■ Elevated H and H, protein, BUN: hemoconcentration
■ Urine gravity greater than 1.030
polydipsia
■ Heart failure
■ Excessive fluid intake
■ High Na+
with crackles
■ Neuromuscular: altered level of consciousness, headache, muscle weakness
■ Weight gain
■ Low H and H and protein leads to excessive water in vascular space (hemodilution)
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