Pathophysiology > STUDY GUIDE > 2021 - NURS 271 - Test #1 Complied Study Guide Applied Pathophysiology And Pharmacology Ii (NURS 271 (All)

2021 - NURS 271 - Test #1 Complied Study Guide Applied Pathophysiology And Pharmacology Ii (NURS 271)

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Metabolic System Ranges: Type of Arterial Gases low high pH 7.35 → acidOsis 7.45 → alkalOsis PaCO2 (hOw effective pt is breathing) → respiratOry 45 mEq/L (> 45 = Acidosis) 35 mEq/L (< 3... 5 = Alka) BicarbOnate (hOw much C02 is in blOOd) → metabOlic 22 mEq/L (< 22 = Acid) 26 mEq/L (> 26 = Alka) ABG Analysis - Full compensation: pH is normal - Partial: pH is not normal - Uncompensated: If non-causing is within normal range 2 Buffer systems: Chemical buffer → prevent additional damage by cOmbining w/ extra acids until Other prOcesses take over Chemical Buffer system - Regulation of blood pH through 1)bicarbonate, 2) phosphate, 3)protein - Easiest & quickest to buffer and return to homeostasis Respiratory regulation - 2nd line of defense against acid-base imbalances - Regulate blood levels of CO2 (short-term) - Chemoreceptors in medulla → vary rate & depth of breathing - Faster breathing = eliminate CO2 & alkalosis - Slower breathing = retain CO2 & acidosis - DrOp CO2 → pH rises → alkalOsis - Rise CO2 → pH lOwers → acidOsis (H+ increases) Renal regulation - Regulate bicarbonate levels (long-term) - Slower than respiratory system - But provides long-term relief to chemical imbalances - Regulates H+ & HCO2 Types of buffers: What it does? Characteristics Bicarbonate Buffering blood or interstitial fluid - Decrease dangers of pH damage - Work w/ kidneys & respiratory system to maintain normal pH - → (lungs)regulate prOduction of carbOnic acid - → (kidneys) regulate prOduction Of bicarbOnate Phosphate Minimize effects of pH imbalances - Very effective in renal tubules → phOsphate abundance - Depends on series of chemical rxns to minimize pH effects Protein Bind w/ excess acid or base to neutralize them - More plentiful in blood - Albumin & plasma proteins [Show More]

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