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BIOS2150 Microbiology Exam Study guide

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The spleen, small intestine, liver, tonsils, and adenoids also contain lymphatic cells The Adaptive (Specific) Immune System (Chapter 18) • Adaptive immunity: defenses that target a specific pat ... hogen o Learned- the body has to adapt to this o Some pathogens change their shape so that adaptive immunity misses them • Acquired through infection or vaccination o Immune response is always stronger through infection • Primary response: first time the immune system combats a particular foreign substance • Secondary response: later interactions with the same foreign substance; faster and more effective due to “memory” Dual Nature of the Adaptive Immune System 1. Humoral immunity . Produces antibodies that combat foreign molecules known as antigens . Antibodies are made by a type of B cell lymphocyte (white blood cell) . Named for the bursa of Fabricius in birds . Humoral immunity fights invaders outside cells . Bacteria and toxins for example . Done in lymph (done in blood) . Antibodies are secreted all over the body . Lymph, blood, saliva, milk, line the digestive system 2. Cellular Immunity (cell-mediated immunity) . Does not make antibodies . Produces T cell lymphocytes (white blood cells) . Mature in the thymus . Attack antigen inside of cells . Antibodies cannot get inside of cells . Release chemicals that kill infected cells [Show More]

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