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Technologist in Molecular Biology, MB (ASCP) board exam prep/ ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions, Graded A+
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Technologist in Molecular Biology, MB (ASCP) board exam prep/ ASCP Molecular Biology Certification Exam Questions and Answers with Complete Solutions, Graded A+ Pyrimidine ✔✔ One carbon ring C... ytosine, Thymine, Uracil Purine ✔✔ Two carbon rings Adenine, Guanine How are nucleotides joined together? ✔✔ Condensation to form phosphodiester bond What is the function of mRNA? ✔✔ Carries genetic info out of nucleus Transcript translated to protein What is the function of tRNA? ✔✔ Carries aa to ribosome Anticodon pairs with codon on mRNA strand What is the function of rRNA? ✔✔ part of ribosome structure most abundant RNA coordinated coupling of tRNA to mRNA codons Feedback inhibition ✔✔ Product of pathway is noncompetitive inhibitor Binds to allosteric site to slow down rxn b/c too much product Exonucleases ✔✔ Degrades nucleic acids by removing one terminal nt at a time Cleaves phosphodiester bond at end of chain 5' --> 3' and 3' --> 5' Endonucleases (Prok) ✔✔ Restriction enzymes Cleaves phoshpodiester bonds w/i poly-nt chain Recognition site is palindromic sequence Types I-V ORI sites ✔✔ nt sequence where replication is initiated Topoisomerase I ✔✔ Induces ss breaks Remove DNA supercoils during TXN and DNA replication; for strand breakage during recombination; for chr condensation; and to disentangle intertwined DNA during mitosis topoisomerase II ✔✔ cuts both strands of one DNA double helix, passes another unbroken DNA helix through it, and then reanneals the cut strands Gyrase (topoisomerase II) ✔✔ Unwinds supercoiling caused by unwinding at the rep fork by introducing DSBs Helicase ✔✔ Breaks H-bonds of double helix at the replication fork Primase ✔✔ DNApol α (DNA dep RNA pol) adds short segments of complementary RNA to ssDNA template (primers), serves as starting points for replication single-strand DNA binding proteins (SSBPs) ✔✔ Binds ssDNA and prevents it from re-annealing during TXN, replication, repair, and recombination Okazaki fragments ✔✔ Short fragments of DNA synthesized by DNApol δ using the lagging strand (3'->5') as a template Ligase ✔✔ Closes gaps in DNA Catalyzes phosphodiester bond between 3'OH and 5'P What are the steps in DNA replication? ✔✔ 1. Initiate 2. Elongate 3. Terminate Telomeres ✔✔ Repeat sequence (TTAGGG) at the ends of chr, protect chr from degradation RNA polymerase ✔✔ DNA dependent RNApol Transcribes DNA template to RNA (3'-->5'; anti-parallel) Splicesomes ✔✔ Complex of snRNPs Removes introns from pre-mRNA and splices exons together Enhancers ✔✔ Short regions of DNA that bind proteins (TXN factors) that enhance TXN of a gene Poly-A tail ✔✔ Prevents mRNA from being degraded in cytoplasm 100-250 A's at 3' end 5' cap ✔✔ 5'-5' pyrophosphate bridge to a methylated G added to 5' end of a mRNA Protects against degradation and as a recognition signal for TLN apparatus aminoacyl tRNA ✔✔ tRNAs that carry amino acids [Show More]
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