CRJ 100 Week 5 Midterm Exam (updated test bank) – Strayer University | CRJ100 Week 5 Midterm Exam (updated)

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CRJ 100 Week 5 Midterm Exam (updated) – Strayer University • Question 1 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not a focus of community policing? Answer    Crime fig... hting • Question 2 4 out of 4 points UCR data suggests that the average police officer makes less than one felony arrest every ____ months. Answer    4    4 • Question 3 4 out of 4 points The statement “Aggressive policing increases community perception that police arrest many criminals and therefore most violators get caught” is an example of what? Answer    a deterrent effect    a deterrent effect • Question 4 4 out of 4 points Regardless of the size of the policing organization this person has general administrative control and sets policy for all of the department’s operating branches Answer    Chief of Police    Chief of Police • Question 5 4 out of 4 points In Martin Innes’ study of investigation techniques he found that police rely heavily on _________ that includes canvas of neighborhoods, interviews with friends/family and constructing victim/suspect timelines to solve a crime. Answer    General coverage    General coverage • Question 6 0 out of 4 points What pattern does research reveal regarding officers' involvement in use-of-force incidents? Answer    A small portion of officers account for a sizable portion of the abuses.    All of the above are correct. • Question 7 4 out of 4 points Which policing style utilizes the least amount of discretion? Answer    Law enforcer    Law enforcer • Question 8 4 out of 4 points An officer approaches a group of teenagers drinking beer, she checks everyone's ID and arrests all who are underage. This example best typifies which officer style? Answer    Law enforcer    Law enforcer • Question 9 4 out of 4 points The blue curtain is a term used to describe: Answer    the secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture.    the secrecy and insulation from others in society that is a consequence of the police subculture. • Question 10 4 out of 4 points What U.S. Supreme Court decision set forth the "reasonable officer" standard for police use of deadly force? Answer    Graham v. Connor    Graham v. Connor • Question 11 4 out of 4 points The National Crime Victimization Survey asks participants to report on the frequency and characteristics of all but which one of the following crimes? Answer    Murder    Murder • Question 12 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is not a problem associated with the National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS)? Answer    Incomplete acts are lumped together with completed ones.    Incomplete acts are lumped together with completed ones. • Question 13 4 out of 4 points Which of the following groups experience violent crimes at a higher rate than other groups? Answer    African Americans    African Americans • Question 14 4 out of 4 points Which view of criminality argues that people commit crimes if they believe it will provide immediate benefits without the threat of long-term risks? Answer    Choice theory    Choice theory • Question 15 4 out of 4 points Which of the following is one of the problems associated with the validity of the Uniform Crime Report? Answer    If an offender commits multiple crimes, only the most serious is recorded.    If an offender commits multiple crimes, only the most serious is recorded. • Question 16 4 out of 4 points The contemporary criminal justice system can be divided into three main components: Answer    Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system.    Law enforcement, the courts, and the correctional system. • Question 17 0 out of 4 points The corrections system is vast and costs federal, state, and local governments: Answer    About $215 billion per year.    About $70 billion per year. • Question 18 4 out of 4 points For every 1000 crimes, approximately ____ people are sent to prison. Answer    20    20 • Question 19 4 out of 4 points In the formal criminal justice process all defendants must go through which stage to ensure proper sentencing/punishment/dismissal/closure? Answer    Arraignment    Arraignment • Question 20 4 out of 4 points The exercise of power is granted to those who control the criminal justice system. In policing they are given the power to; Answer - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - - 25. According to ____________ theory, indicators of neighborhood disorder are highly predictive of crime rates. a. Conflict b. Social structure c. Social process d. Developmental ANS: B REF: p. 48 OBJ: 10 26. Which view of crime suggests that individuals are born "good" and become "bad" as they mature? a. Social control theory b. Social structure theory c. Social learning theory d. Social reaction theory ANS: C REF: p. 49 OBJ: 10 27. __________________ maintains that everyone has the potential to become criminal. a. Social learning theory b. Social control theory c. Social reaction theory d. Social structure theory ANS: B REF: p. 50 OBJ: 10 28. ___________ theory focuses on the economic and political forces operating in a society and views these forces as the fundamental causes of criminality. a. Conflict b. Social structure c. Developmental d. Social control ANS: A REF: p. 50 OBJ: 10 29. ____________ theory recognizes that as people mature, the factors that influence their behavior change. a. Social structure b. Psychological c. Developmental d. Social process ANS: C REF: p. 50 OBJ: 10 30. In a study entitled Delinquency in a Birth Cohort, researchers found that chronic offenders a. Commit the most violent acts of all criminals b. Are deterred from further criminality if arrested during youth chronic offending c. Become adult repeat offenders d. Are more likely to continue criminality if they are female ANS: C REF: p. 41 OBJ: 08 TRUE/FALSE 1. It is estimated that there are more than 850,000 gang members in the United States. ANS: T REF: p. 35 OBJ: 07 2. As the number of guns in the population increases, so does the violent crime rate. ANS: T REF: p. 35 OBJ: 05 3. Crime rates appear to be increasing around the world as they decline in the United States. ANS: T REF: p. 38 OBJ: 06 4. Underdeveloped nations have murder rates significantly lower than the United States. ANS: F REF: p. 38 OBJ: 06 5. Research suggests that a distinct relationship exists between crime rates and urbanization. ANS: T REF: p. 40 OBJ: 05 6. The availability of legalized abortion is one factor that has recently been theorized to explain the drop in crime rates. ANS: T REF: p. 35 OBJ: 05 7. Cultural transmission is the process where people learn the techniques and attitudes of crime from relationships with criminal peers ANS: F REF: p. 49 OBJ: 04 8. Self-report studies indicate a significant rise in the number of teens using drugs. ANS: F REF: p. 33 OBJ: 05 9. African Americans account for almost 50 percent of Part I violent crime arrests. ANS: F REF: p. 31 OBJ: 04 10. When violence rates surged in the 1980’s, the increase was due almost entirely to young people. ANS: T REF: p, 40-41 OBJ: 04 COMPLETION 1. Crime, most simply, is a violation of ____________________. ANS: criminal law REF: p. 29 OBJ: 01 2. ____________________ is another name associated with the 8 index crimes from the Uniform Crime Reports. ANS: Part I crimes REF: p. 31 OBJ: 02 3. The ____________________ view of crime suggests that moral entrepreneurs define crime. ANS: Interactionist REF: p. 30 OBJ: 01 4. Murder, forcible rape, robbery, burglary, larceny, motor vehicle theft, arson, and ____________________ make up the FBI's Part I crimes. ANS: aggravated assault REF: p. 31 OBJ: 02 5. Criticisms of UCR data include ______________ of the victims and law enforcement ANS: reporting practices REF: p. 31 OBJ: 03 6. The ____________________ is one who has serious and persistent brushes with the law and whose behavior may be excessively violent and destructive. ANS: chronic/career offender/criminal REF: p. 41 OBJ: 08 7. ____________________ question large groups of high school students about their participation in criminal or delinquent acts. ANS: Self-report survey REF: p. 31 OBJ: 02 8. The _____________________ states that as the poverty of minorities in the population increases, so too does the amount of social control that the public directs at those minority group members ANS: Racial threat hypothesis REF: p. 40 OBJ: 07 9. Modern ____________________ theories of crime believe that elements of the environment interact with biological factors to control and influence behavior. ANS: biosocial REF:p. 45 OBJ: 10 10. According to ____________________ theory, disruptions in life's major transitions can be destructive and ultimately can promote criminality. ANS: developmental REF: p. 50 OBJ: 10 ESSAY 1. Explain the three significant methods used to measure the nature and extent of crime. Address the advantages and disadvantages of each method. ANS: The Uniform Crime Report (UCR) is the best known and most widely cited source of aggregate criminal statistics. It tallies and annually publishes a number of reported offenses by city, county, standard metropolitan statistical area, and geographical divisions of the U.S. It also shows numbers and characteristics of individuals arrested for Part I and non-index Part II crimes, except traffic violations. It is not an accurate measure of crime on its own as it uses the hierarchy rule where it takes the most serious offense of every group of crime reported. The National Crime Victimization Survey (NCVS) asks crime victims about their encounters with criminals. It is the most important and widely used victim survey however validity issues include over-reporting, underreporting, inability to record personal criminal activity of those interviewed, sampling errors, and inadequate question format. Self-report surveys allow participants to reveal information about their violations and have focused mostly on juvenile delinquency and youth crime. Critics suggest that it is unreasonable to expect people to candidly admit illegal acts, that some people forget, exaggerate, or are confused about illegal acts, and that serious chronic offenders are unlikely to participate or be truthful. REF: p. 31 OBJ: 03 2. Elaborate the three views on defining crime. Discuss how and why some behaviors become illegal and are considered crimes while others remain non-criminal. ANS: There are three main views in defining crime. The Consensus view rests on the assumption that criminal law has social control function and crimes are those that are essentially harmful to a majority of citizens and are prohibited by the existing criminal law. The Conflict view states that crime is the outcome of class struggle between the rich and poor, have and have-nots resulting in the criminal justice system becoming an instrument of social and economic repression. Finally, The Interactionist view of criminal law is structured to reflect preferences and opinions of people who hold social power in a particular legal jurisdiction where campaigns are constructed to control behaviors that some view as immoral and wrong. REF: p. 29-30 OBJ: 01 3. Compare the trends in violent crime between the United States and one other country. ANS: It has been a long held belief that the United States was fatally crime prone and American culture, love of guns and frontier mentality was responsible for skyrocketing crime rates. The International Crime Victims Survey is now conducted in 60 countries and has found that several countries including Ireland, England and Wales, New Zealand and Iceland have high rates of victimization similar to the U.S. One country that has more reported robberies than the U.S. is England and Wales. High violence rates can be linked to drug trafficking, gang feuds, vigilantism, and disputes over tribal [Show More]

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