NUTRITION C787 - Nutrition Study Guide 2 (100% VERIFIED).

C787 Cohort questions and Answers Plus Side notes Health and Wellness course COHORT 1 When nutrition advocates became concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention to chronic diet related dis ...

C787 Cohort questions and Answers Plus Side notes Health and Wellness course COHORT 1 When nutrition advocates became concerned that recommendations did not do enough to address prevention to chronic diet related disease, what policy changes were made? • RDA(recommended daily allowance) expanded into several DRI categories(Dietary Reference Intake-all others sorts of recommendations –general term) What is true of DRI? Choose 2 *Food labeling must include info about them *They differ depending on age and gender What is always found on a nutrition label in the US *Serving size * A helpful diet contains nutrient intake near what amount? *RDA What is an appropriate use of AMDR(acceptable macronutrient dietary range-big nutrient that provides calories-carbs, fats n protein-NOT fibers, or vitamins- This range is a percentages of calories you should get from that nutrient per day- Carb-45-65%, Fats 20-35% ) when evaluating the appropriateness of a snack food *50% of calories from fat is too much fat • Micro nutrietns _ minerals and vimatines that are needed in much smaller amounts scurvy (vitamin C deficiency) and rickets (vitamin D deficiency), became all but a thing of the past. deficiencies in micronutrients such as vitamin A, iodine, and iron as pressing public health problems worldwide, especially among children. Vitamin A deficiency can cause blindness, among other problems; iodine deficiency can cause serious physical and mental developmental delays; and iron deficiency causes anemia, a blood condition. Global initiatives to counter these problems have begun, including programs to get iodized salt (considered the best deterrent to iodine deficiency) and nutritional supplements to remote or impoverished areas of the worl What is meant by Tolerable Upper intake Level? *The highest level of daily consumptions that current data has shown to cause no side effects in humans: ensures people do not take harmful amounts How is the estimated average requirement EAR( all of the words are part of the DRI family) commonly used? *To guide recommendations and menu planning for communities in combination with upper intake levels What is rue of the choosemyplate.org (replaced the food pyramid) recommendations as represented by their setting place graphic? *Half of the plate should be fruits and vegetables What is a nutritional benefits of fruits and vegetable? *They provide nutrients that reduce the risk of some types of cancer What is false regarding fruits and vegetable in the diet? *Fruits and veggies are rich in B12-(plant foods don’t have b12) TRUE_ get 9 servings daily, increase the amount of colorful veggies reduces risk of stroke, diets high in fruit and veggies reduce the risk of some cancers What strategy might be avoided due to expense for patients looking to eat more on a healthy budget? *Buying frozen meals, Which statement is true about planning a balanced meal? *Skim milk has roughly the same amount of calcium and protein as whole milk What is true about dietary recommendations for whole grains? *half of all grain products consumed should be whole grain products Fritz is hosting a brunch and prepares for each of his friends Omelet with cheese Toast English muffin 1 t all fruit preserves ½ large grapefruit 1 c whole milk How can his menu be improved to follow the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. Choose all that apply: *Use egg whites for omelets Replace cheese with veggies in the omelet Replace English muffin with whole wheat muffin Replace whole milk with fat free milk What is true recommendations concerning trans-fat and add sugar intake? • Trans and added sugar intake should be minimized, there is no DRI value What is the daily recommended daily amount of protein intake? • 60g/day or .8g/per KG body weight Which list contains all examples of proteins • Garbanzo beans, egg, chicken breast, yogurt, cheese ground beef, peanut butter, tofu What is the best choice for a combination fo plant based foods to maximixe protein in a vegetarian diet( protein in plant based foods, foods made out of beans, lentils Plus a Grain food) *Legume plus whole grains There is a current initiative for more transplant labeling of sugars of nutrition facts labels. In the coming years which of these might be more obviously labeled sugars: *Anything that ends in –OSE *Honey Which carbohydrate will cause a quicker return hunger • One with a high glycemic index (way of measuring how your blood sugar responds to what you eat-high sugar- unhealthy bad) Which is a reason why seafood can be considered part of a helpful diet? • Some seafood is high in heart healthy omega 3 oils What are generally considered sources of healthy fats • Fish nuts, olive oil What is not a common source of high levels of sodium? • Spices and herbs Which foods are rich in iron? • Dark leafy green veggies • legumes • Red meats • Nuts (NOT_ Dairy prodcuts_eggs-root veggie) What is the best vegetarian source of iron for vegetarian *Beans, legumes Which of these are protective against heart disease? * Fiber- *HDL cholesterol (good cholesterol- we want it to be high) Which are linked to increased heart disease risks? • LDL Cholesterol • Trans fat • Saturated fats Health Maintenance LDL below What-120mg/dl Limit cholesterol intake less than 30mg PER Day Saturated Fat less than 7% of daily calories 30 min of daily exercise sodium levels below 1600 mg daily increase of fiber to INSOULABLE fibers Limit alcohol 1-2 drinks per day What is an appropriate dietary intervention to address patients low albumin level • High protein diet Select foods that would NOT be good for patient with Kidney disease *Steak *Eggs * Hot dogs What is the DASH designed to address? (dietary approaches to stop htn) • Hypertension Which factors are important to control HTN • Sodium less than 1600mg daily, • Daily exercise • Healthy weight Fiber protects spike of Blood sugar Malnutrition literally means “bad nutrition.” It can be used broadly to mean an excess or deficiency of the nutrients that are necessary for good health. In industrialized societies, malnutrition typically represents the excess consumption characterized by a diet containing too much energy (kilocalories) and sodium. Malnutrition is most commonly thought, however, to be undernutrition or deficient intake, the consumption of inadequate amounts of nutrients to promote health or to support growth in children. The most severe form of undernutrition is called protein energy malnutrition, or PEM. It commonly affects children, who require nutrients not only to help maintain the body but also to grow. Two types of PEM occur: kwashiorkor and marasmus. Kwashiorkor is a condition in which a person consumes adequate energy but not enough protein. Kwashiorkor occurs most commonly in areas where there is famine, perhaps due to drought, natural disaster, war, or political unrest, but it can also occur among people with low levels of education Marasmus literally means “to waste away” and is an acute form of malnutrition. It is caused by a deficiency of both calories and protein in the diet. This is the most severe form of childhood malnutrition. Body fat stores are used up to provide energy, and eventually muscle tissue is broken down for body fuel. Victims appear as skin and bones, gazing with large eyes from a bald head with an aged, gaunt appearance. Once severe muscle wasting occurs, death is imminent. Body temperature is below normal. The immune system does not operate normally, making these children extremely susceptible to respiratory and gastrointestinal infections. Diseases resulting from B-vitamin deficiencies are more rare. Vegans, who consume no animal products, are at risk for vitamin B12 deficiency resulting in an anemia in which the red blood cells are large and immature. Too little folate (folic acid) in the diet can cause a similar anemia. Beriberi is the deficiency disease of thiamine (vitamin B1) in which the heart and nervous systems are damaged and muscle wasting occurs. Ariboflavinosis (lack of riboflavin) describes a collection of symptoms such as cracks and redness of the eyes and lips; inflamed, sensitive eyelids; and a purple-red tongue. Pellagra is the deficiency disease of niacin (vitamin B3). It is characterized by “the Four Ds of pellagra”: dermatitis, diarrhea, dementia, and death. Isolated deficiency of a B vitamin is rare, since many B vitamins work in concert. Therefore, a lack of one hinders the function of the rest. Cohort 2 Because obesity affects many organ systems and hormones impairing body functions : *It is not considered a disease what BMI is considered Obese *>30 What is the BMI calculation for a patient measures 5’4 in height and weight 175 pounds *30 take the height in inches and square it, divide the pounds by this number, multiply the whole thing by 703 64x64 =4096 175/4096=0.043 0.043x703=30 What describes a diet least likely to result in obesity • A diet with a variety of fruits whole grain and veggies, Identify which heart disease risk are modifiable? • Sedentary lifestyle • BMI • Diet high in trans fat Which statement is true? *obese children and teenagers are at risk for increased coronary heart disease You are working in a family medical clinic with a 22 yr old patient , you note a BMI of 17. What counsel would you give this patient *At this BMI you are at increased risk for infertility , osteoporosis and premature death lets find solutions. What health risk clearly increase with BMI *Heart Disease, Type II Diabestes, Premature Death, Oesoarthritis, Sleep Apnea, What is true regarding genetic influence on body weight *body weights of parents are often predictive of body weights in children wven when they do not raise them TO maintain weight in the long term patients should: *Balance energy expenditure with energy intake ; eat just enough calories for activity level You can only DRAFT five pieces of advice for weight loss, Which do you choose? • Reduce processed foods • Increase activity • When you eat ask yourelf are you hungy • Eat 5 small meals to maintain energy through the day • Limit sugary drinks Which person is most likely to lose weight and keep it off *One who sticks to their diet long term Which is true of weight loss • 10% reduction in total body weight loss has consistently been shown to imporbe health risks and decrease risk What would a 180 pound person have to lose to show health benefits(10%) *Just move decimal point over one so 18.0 Or 265=26.5 Which is likely not an appropriate sustainable weight loss goal • to lose 20 pounds in 1 month and be envied by friends Motivational interviewing : • health behaviors have rewards separate from pounds lost • don’t focus on negative images/unfairness • don’t sugarcoat or be dismissive What is true of water intake and weight loss • these is evidence to support that drinking 48 oz of water or more supports weight loss Which foods ae likely appropriate for consistent inclusion on a weight reductions dietyary plan: • baked fish • broiled skinless chicken breast • steam veggies Which are thought to societal factors in the obesity epidemic: • more desk based low activity jobs • increase portion sizes are restaurants • increased consumptions of process foods Obesity messages to adolescnets : Constant focus on diets in bad focus should be on healthy diets Focus of praise on athletic achievers positive Food as rewards is bad if its consistently reckless Consumption of media messges What is inappropriate advise to a family of a 14 year old with anorexia *serve separate meals to diff family members What is true of physical activity in conjunction with diet to support weight loss • Patients should strive for 90 min of exercise 3 times a week What is a legal supplement bodybuilders take in order to increase muscle mass and increase nitrogen retention • Protein powder-ergogenic 8 What are anthropometrics(human/measurements) • Weight management assessment tools including weight, height and waist sizes How do you calculate physical activity level(PAL) • Total energy expenditure/basal metabolic rate (all the calories) (calories you burn to stay alive-heart beating, breathing ) You are in the family medical clinic and are working with a BMI of 52 and sedentary lifestyle. He wants info about bariatric surgery what would you say? • Increase your physical activity now but do it gradually to reduce strain on your hert and increase your likelihood of keeping it off • Even after surgery you will need to continue to exercise • After surgery you may lose weight rapidly • You will need to take specific vitamin supplements Cohort 3 What is true of nutrition for infants; • Human milk contains immune factors that infant formula does not Why is juice not recommended for infants • Contributes to dental decay • Lacks fiber and may contribute to diarrhea • It is a highly caloric source of fluid Which behavior may contribute to risk of cavities *sharing utensils (bacteria) What parent behaviors may put a child at risk for having poor relationships with food • Never involve children in meal planning • Avoiding offering children choices How does the CDC define overweight in childhood? • BMI for age over the 85th percentile When teaching kindergartener (5-6years olds) about choose my plate what would be an appropriate education strategy be? • Teach them a rhyme with the concepts When teaching 8-10 years old , what is the best educational strategy to teach them? • Have them write out a description of a healthy menu with diff food groups YOU are working in a pediatric practice and have an appointment with an obese9 year old boy and his parents. What is some advice you give • High levels of family stress can contribute to poor eating habits • Limit portion sizes and avoid frequesnt restaurant meals • Encourage the child to help choose prepare meals • Encourage physically active play and not just desk based studies • Provide and model choise of healthy plan based snacks and colorful fruits and veggies What are some strategies to avoid when teaching high school students about nutrition • Focus on how good nutrition will make you pretty • Explain wasy to skip or replace meals A healthy 17 year old girl is reading a nutritional label and it contains 13% DV of calcium per serving. How may servings would this girl need to have that day to get the recommended calcium from that product alone • 10 servings a nurse is evaluating a 16 years old boy with short stuature( poor development, and cognitive impairment) what may be a cause of his condition? *malnutrition What nutrient do young adolescence have an increase need of relative to adults: • Thaimine What is appropriate advice to a newly pregnant mother as a healthcare providers *alcohol should be avoided during all trimesters What is a possible effect of alcohols consumption on the fetus ? • Permanent developmental disabilities What nutrient reduces the risk of neural tube defects • Folate Acid What are some good dietary sources of folate • Lentils spinach and oats How can a pregnant mother minimize the risk of preterm labor • Abstain for tobacco and drugs • Discontinue all alcohols • Maintain a healthy weight • Maintain a healthy diet to help prevent gestational diabetes What is false about breastfeeding? • Is it’s a reliable form of birth control Why are adults over 70 years of age are more vulnerable to inadequacy of nutrients ? • Diff gastrointestinal physiology interferes with absorption What are some potential benefits or pre-and probiotics for an older adult • Decreased total cholesterols • Control of IBS • Support immune system functioning • Rebuild bone density How might you advise a patient about adapting to older adulthoods • To avoid obesity remain active and realize your overall caloric needs with decrease A patient is considering adding a dietary supplement and wants to know what should they do first *discuss it with their healthcare providers TO which patient represented by a quote in a meeting with the nurse should the nurse recommend a dietary supplement • The doctor said my labs showed an iron deficiency The phrase “not intended to diagnose, treat of cure any disease” • Is required to appear on the labels of all supplements Which vitamins can be flushed out in the urine streamed if they are consumed in * moderate Excess- Vitamins are either Fat (K,A,D,E) or water soluble (B,C) • B vitamins • Vitamin C Match the supplement with what is aimed to improve • Ergogenic Aid-Athletic performance- enhance muscle mass and increase nitrogen retention • Nootropic-cognition • Probiotic-Digestive Problems • Galactagogue- Breastmilk productions Supplements may or may not contain an active ingredient. What else may they contain: • Extra ingredients that are unlisted and are similar to RX drugs How should you counsel a patient about providing information about the supplements they take to the healthcare team? • Supplements can interact with medicine and make its affect too strong. This can be life threatening. Match the following when its deficient • Thiamine- beriberi (bears are mean-mine) • Iodine-brain damage, intellectual impairment • Vit A- blindness in young children • Vit D-rickets Why to many women take calcium supplements? • To decrease risk of osteoporosis Vitamin K(helps with coagulation) • Should be avoided while on warfarin (Coumadin) What is unavailable in plant foods and therefore may need to be consumed in a vegetarian diet • Vitamin B12 What nutrients ARE available in plants foods but may require special consideration to make sure you are getting them in a vegetarian diet • Iron • Vit d • Protein-can be hardest macronutrient on vegetarian diet • Calcium-must be in a bioavailable form Cohort 4 A limited ability to acquire nutritionally adequate food in a socially way is called • Food security- What is true of food waste and overpopulation? *They are contributing favors to global hunger What are natural causes of famine? ( anything that causes agriculture outlook on a large scale) * pests, drought and flood “Infection “ on the test means Human infection not plants What does the economic research service do *Assist in the providing research and analysis on food security issues for developing countries Food deserts are often characterized by their lack of what? • Availability and accessibility to healthful foods (food insecurity) What are characteristic of food deserts • Fast foods are more affordable • Markets in the area do not have fresh produce What are some public health strategies to reduce food deserts ? • Implement urban farmers markets • Supporting public policy to reduce cost of fresh foods Financial limitations to adequate nutrition are a main focus of what diagnostic tool • Food security survey module A situation where a person consumes many calories without adequate nutrition can be considered what? • Undernutrition, which also includes the chronically hungry What is an appropriate use of the child food security survey module • DETERMINE IF A CHILD IS Experiencing hunger at home What does household food security status refers to? • An outcome to measure the publics ability to secure adequate food What is a term that means all people have access at all times to food and for an active and healthy life • Food security What is true of the food security survey module: • It measures sufficiency of food and very low food security requires interventions Low food security is characterized by: • Reduced quality, variety or desirability of diet What was one effect of the national nutrition monitoring and related research act of 1990 • Development of standardized questionnaires for measuring household food security status The uneasy or painful sensation of lack of food • Hunger Which factor might be a cause of a patients frequent emergency dep visits with congestive hear5t failure • The patient often goes without medication because they cannot afford them until they are paid What problems or factors can be associated with food insecurity • Poor nutrition • Trouble obtaining food • Obesity • Lower cognitive and academic performance • Poor health status What does the SNAP do? * help low income families who have trouble afford food acquire food which is the most appropriate referral to have home meals delivery by meals on wheels • Male, 82yr, limited income , BMI 17 mobility issues and cannot drive What is not a primary consideration when addressing nutritional needs of a homeless patient • Is the food fair trade certified? What is a major barrier to nutritional education and a strategy to overcome this • Illiteracy: screening for problems with written materials and providing verbal or picture based instruction When working with a patients how speaks limited English what should be avoided? • Using text only to teach • Using only traditional American foods What program teaches older adults how to shop plan and prepare food • Elderly nutrition program (they conduct hypertension consults too) Which is one way that programs seek to provide socialization to older adults • Providing meals in group setting Matching 1. Senior Farmers Market nutrition program-Allow older adults to acquire fruits n veggies 2. SNAP- Helps low income family acquire food 3. WIC- Recognizes medical and dietary risk to woman and children Which is an important consideration of the meals on wheel program • That the meals are appealing the patients taste What is food poisoning • Can be cause by either primary infection by a microbe or production of toxins by microbes What is true of botulism • It is thought to be the most lethal bioterrorism agent Which infections are most commonly disseminated by ingestions • Shigellosis • Cholera What is food system security • A system focused on locating the source of a bioterrorism incident and notifying affected facilities What foods have been common sources of food contamination in recent years • Bean sprouts • Spinach • Milk • Frozen berries wHich home cooks have put themselves at increased risk to get a microbial foodborne illness • All of them Matching • Campylobactorer -undercooked poultry • E coli-foods contaminated with fecal matter • Myco(fungus) toxins-molds • Glycoalkaloids-potatoes exposed to light • Ciguatoxin_ fish such as grouper • Monsodium glutamate-flavor enhancer can cause chest pain, edema, facial numbness and headache Why should pregnany women eat cheese only if it has been pasteurized • It contain listeria –will cause pre term labor Foods that require freezing preservation technique or immediate use are called • Perishable foods Pasteurized milk can be stored at room temp • False- ONLY Ultra pasteurized milk can be Contaminated drinking water should be boiled for at least 5 min • True- Irradiated foods become radioactive ( helps to control bugs but doesn’t bother food) • False Dented cans should be discarded • True – they may be compromised Chicken should be cooked or frozen within 4 days of purchase • False- 2 days What is a term for a chemical that gives rise to obesity • Obesogenic- bisphenol A is an example What does the USDA organic seal indicate • The food is at least 70% organic ingredients • The food is 100% organic according to current standards Food cosmetics and fabrics can be labeled as organic A bottle of pasta sauce says its made with organic tomatoes, basil…what does this mean • The sauce contains at least 70% certified organic content