Student Exploration: Mouse Genetics (Two Traits) Vocabulary: allele, genotype, phenotype, probability, Punnett square [Note to teachers and students: This Gizmo was designed as a follow-up to the Mouse Genetics (One Trait) GizmoTM. We recommend doing that activity before trying this one.]

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Student Exploration: Mouse Genetics (Two Traits) Vocabulary: allele, genotype, phenotype, probability, Punnett square [Note to teachers and students: This Gizmo was designed as a follow-up to the ... Mouse Genetics (One Trait) GizmoTM. We recommend doing that activity before trying this one.] Prior Knowledge Questions (Do these BEFORE using the Gizmo.) 1. A single coin is flipped four times. What do you think is the most likely outcome? A. Four heads B. Three heads, one tail C. Two heads, two tails G. H. D. One head, three tails E. Four tails F. All are equally likely 2. What do you think are the odds of getting four tails in a row? Explain your answer. A. B. The odds of getting four tails in a row are 1⁄2 * 1⁄2 * 1⁄2 * 1⁄2 because every flip has an equal probability of being heads or tails. So with 4 flips you would have a 1/16 chance. C. D. E. Gizmo Warm-up F. On the Mouse Genetics (Two Traits) Gizmo, drag mice into the Parent 1 and Parent 2 spaces, and then click Breed to see their offspring. Experiment with different combinations of parent mice. G. 1. What must be true to have offspring with black fur? H. I. Since black fur is dominant, the allele for black fur must be present. J. 2. What must be true to have offspring with white fur? Both alleles must code for white fur since it is a recessive trait. K. 3. What must be true to have offspring with black eyes? If the allele for black eyes is present, you will have them because it is a dominant trait. L. 4. What must be true to have offspring with red eyes? Both alleles must code for red. M. N. What must be true to have offspring with red eyes and white fur? O. Because they both are recessive traits, there must be no genes that code for another trait; in other words, all the genes must code for either red eyes or white fur. P. ctivity S. Get the Gizmo ready: . • Click Clear. xplo•rinTurn on Show genotype. A T. Q. R E U. V. Question: What patterns appear when two traits are inherited? W. 1. Observe: Breed a black-fur, black-eye mouse with a white-fur, red-eye mouse. Click Breed several times, and then drag two of the offspring into the Holding Cages below. Move the cursor over a mouse to see its genotype, or allele combination. X. A. What is the genotype of the black-fur parent? FFEE Y. B. What is the genotype of the white-fur parent? ffee Z. C. What are the genotypes of the offspring? FfEe AA. AB. 2. Analyze: The probability of an event is the likelihood that it will happen. Probability can be expressed as a percentage, such as 75%, as a decimal (0.75), or as a fraction (3/4). AC. AD. What is the probability that an offspring mouse will have black fur and black eyes? 100% AE. AF. 3. Predict: Click Clear, and move the two mice from the Holding Cages into the parent box. AG. AH. What do you expect the offspring of these mice to look like? 9/16 will have black fur and black eyes, 3/16 will have black fur and red eyes, 3/16 will have white fur and black eyes, and 1/16 will have white fur and red eyes. AI. AJ. 4. Experiment: Click Breed, and record the genotypes of the offspring on a sheet of paper. Repeat this several times to see a variety of offspring. What genotypes do you see? AK. AL. FFEE, FFEe, FFee, FfEE, FfEe, Ffee, ffEE, ffEe, ffee AM. AN. 5. Extend: Turn on Show statistics, and click Breed until there are 100 offspring. AO. A. How many offspring have black fur and black eyes? 58 AP. B. How many offspring have black fur and red eyes? 19 AQ. C. How many offspring have white fur and black eyes? 17 [Show More]

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