NURS 6051 Patho Midterm Exam Questions and Answers,100% CORRECT

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NURS 6051 Patho Midterm Exam • Question 1 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has a delay in electrical activity reaching the ventricle as seen on ECG... . What ECG finding would the healthcare professional associate with this problem? Selected Answer: PR interval measuring 0.28 sec • Question 2 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child whose parents report poor grades in school, trouble paying attention, and naughty behaviors that have become so frequent the child is always in trouble. For which health condition should the professional facilitate testing? Selected Answer: Lead poisoning • Question 3 Where is two thirds of the body's water found? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Intracellular fluid compartments • Question 4 1 out of 1 points Which characteristic is the most important determinant of immunogenicity when considering the antigen? Selected Answer: Foreignnes s • Question 5 1 out of 1 points A patient suffered multiple traumatic injuries and received many blood transfusions within a few days of the injuries. For which medical condition should the healthcare professional monitor the patient for? Selected Answer: Hemosideros is • Question 6 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is assessing a child who has complete trisomy of the twenty- first chromosome. What findings does the professional relate to this condition? Selected Answer: An IQ of 25 to 70, low nasal bridge, protruding tongue, and flat, low-set ears • Question 7 0 out of 1 points A class of students has learned about contributing factors to duodenal ulcers. What statement indicates to the professor that the students need a review? Selected Answer: The characteristic pain begins 30 min to 2 hours after eating • Question 8 0 out of 1 points A student asks the professor how a faulty negative-feedback mechanism results in a hormonal imbalance. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Hormones are not synthesized in response to cellular and tissue activities. • Question 9 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional tells a student that a patient has lost atrial kick. What would the student expect to see when examining this patient? Selected Answer: Signs of decreased cardiac output • Question 10 0 out of 1 points A patient asks the healthcare professional to describe the cause of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD). What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Excessive production of hydrochloric acid • Question 11 What is apoptosis? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Normal mechanism for cells to self-destruct when growth is excessive • Question 12 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional tells the student that a properly placed endotracheal tube for mechanical ventilation is 5 to 7 cm above the tracheal bifurcation. Where does this bifurcation occur? Selected Answer: Carin a • Question 13 0 out of 1 points A person has hypothyroidism. What chemical does the healthcare professional advise the person to include in the diet? Selected Answer: Iro n • Question 14 1 out of 1 points A patient has been admitted for a possible small intestinal obstruction. What is the first sign the healthcare professional assesses for that would indicate the presence of this condition? Selected Answer: Distenti on • Question 15 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional cares for older adults in a skilled nursing facility. What should the professional assess for in these individuals related to cardiovascular functioning? Selected Answer: Progressive ECG changes • Question 16 What does vomiting-induced metabolic alkalosis cause? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Retention of bicarbonate to maintain the anion balance • Question 17 What are blood pressure variations associated with? Selected b 1-Adrenergic receptors to increase 0 out of 1 points Answer: heart rate • Question 18 1 out of 1 points A patient had a motor vehicle crash and suffered critical injuries to the brainstem. What physiological responses would the healthcare professional expect to see? Selected Answer: Pulse and blood pressure changes • Question 19 1 out of 1 points A patient has a peptic ulcer related to h. pylori bacteria. What treatment does the healthcare professional educate the patient on? Selected Answer: Antibiotic therapy • Question 20 Which renal change is found in older adults? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Decrease in the number of nephrons • Question 21 1 out of 1 points During cell injury caused by hypoxia, why does an increase in the osmotic pressure within the cell occur? Selected Answer: Sodium chloride enters the cell. • Question 22 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for four patients. Which patient does the professional assess for neurogenic diabetes insipidus (DI)? Selected Answer: Renal tubule disease • Question 23 0 out of 1 points A person has acne, easy bruising, thin extremities, and truncal obesity. The healthcare professional assesses the person for which of these? Selected Answer: Previous thyroid surgery • Question 24 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient who has continuous increases in left ventricular filing pressures. What disorder would the professional assess the patient for? Selected Answer: Mitral regurgitation • Question 25 1 out of 1 points Which patient would the healthcare professional assess for other signs of thyrotoxic crisis? Selected Answer: Hyperthermia and tachycardia • Question 26 1 out of 1 points The mammary glands enlarge during pregnancy primarily as a consequence of what hormonal process? Selected Answer: Hyperplas ia • Question 27 0 out of 1 points What is the major determinant of the resistance that blood encounters as it flows through the systemic circulation? Selected Answer: Force of ventricular contraction • Question 28 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the pathogenesis of abdominal pain. Which statement by a student indicates the professor needs to review the material? Selected Answer: Low concentrations of anaerobes, such as Streptococci, Lactobacilli, Staphylococci, Enterobacteria, and Bacteroides, produce abdominal pain. • Question 29 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is working with a person who drinks several 6-packs of beer a week. What testing does the professional encourage the person to get? Selected Answer: Hepatic function • Question 30 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional wants to determine the adequacy of a person's alveolar ventilation. What assessment finding is most important for the professional to consider? Selected Answer: Ventilatory pattern is regular and rhythmic. • Question 31 Under anaerobic conditions, what process provides energy for the cell? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Glycolysi s • Question 32 When renin is released, it is capable of which action? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Formation of angiotensin I • Question 33 How does progressive nephron injury affect angiotensin II activity? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Angiotensin II activity is decreased. • Question 34 1 out of 1 points A professor has taught a student about skeletal alterations seen in chronic kidney disease. Which statement by the student indicates the professor needs to give more information? Selected Answer: The parathyroid gland is no longer able to secrete sufficient parathyroid hormone. • Question 35 1 out of 1 points What part of the kidney controls renal blood flow, glomerular filtration, and renin secretion? Selected Answer: Juxtaglomerular apparatus (JGA) • Question 36 1 out of 1 points What is an expected change in the cardiovascular system that occurs with aging? Selected Answer: Arterial stiffening • Question 37 1 out of 1 points The healthcare professional working with older adults teaches general infection- prevention measures as a priority for this age group due to which change in lymphocyte function? Selected Answer: Increased production of antibodies against self- antigens • Question 38 1 out of 1 points A patient reports dumping syndrome after a partial gastrectomy. What does the healthcare professional teach this patient? Selected Answer: Eat small, frequent high-protein meals. • Question 39 What is the single most common cause of cellular injury? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Hypoxic injury • Question 40 How do free radicals cause cell damage? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Giving up an electron, which causes injury to the chemical bonds of the cell membrane • Question 41 What is the role of the normal intestinal bacterial flora? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Breaking down proteins into amino acids • Question 42 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer • Question 43 A student learns what information about acute pancreatitis? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Pancreatic enzymes autodigest pancreatic cells and tissues. • Question 44 1 out of 1 points Vaccinations are able to provide protection against certain microorganisms because of what? Selected Answer: Level of protection provided by IgG • Question 45 0 out of 1 points A patient's urinalysis came back positive for glucose. What does the healthcare professional expect the patient's blood glucose to be at a minimum? Selected Answer: 126 mg/dL • Question 46 1 out of 1 points The data reporting that sickle cell disease affects approximately 1 in 600 American blacks is an example of which concept? Selected Answer: Prevalenc e • Question 47 1 out of 1 points Which gastric hormone inhibits acid and pepsinogen secretion, as well as decreases the release of gastrin? Selected Answer: Somatostat in • Question 48 1 out of 1 points It has been determined that a patient's tumor is in stage 2. How does the healthcare professional describe this finding to the patient? Selected Answer: Cancer is locally invasive. • Question 49 0 out of 1 points The acute inflammatory response is characterized by fever that is produced by the hypothalamus being affected by what? Selected Answer: Exogenous pyrogens • Question 50 1 out of 1 points Surfactant produced by type II alveolar cells facilitates alveolar distention and ventilation by which mechanism? Selected Answer: Decreasing surface tension in the alveoli • Question 51 1 out of 1 points A patient is brought to the Emergency Department with a gunshot wound to the chest. The healthcare professional assesses an abnormality involving a pleural rupture that acts as a one-way valve, permitting air to enter on inspiration but preventing its escape by closing during expiration. What action by the healthcare professional is the priority? Selected Answer: Assist with a chest tube insertion. • Question 52 What is the most important cause of pulmonary artery constriction? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Hyperventilati on • Question 53 1 out of 1 points Which term is used to identify the movement of gas and air into and out of the lungs? Selected Answer: Ventilati on • Question 54 1 out of 1 points What organic compound facilitates transportation across cell membranes by acting as receptors, transport channels for electrolytes, and enzymes to drive active pumps? Selected Answer: Protein s • Question 55 0 out of 1 points A patient has diabetes mellitus. A recent urinalysis showed increased amounts of protein. What therapy does the healthcare provider educate the patient that is specific to this disorder? Selected Answer: Home blood pressure monitoring • Question 56 0 out of 1 points Which statement made by a student indicates the healthcare professional needs to describe the pericardium again? Selected Answer: The pericardium is a double-walled membranous sac that encloses the heart. • Question 57 1 out of 1 points A patient's chart indicates Kussmaul respirations. The student asks the healthcare professional what this is caused by. What response by the professional is most accurate? Selected Answer: A compensatory measure is needed to correct metabolic acidosis. • Question 58 1 out of 1 points Why is leakage of lysosomal enzymes during chemical injuries significant? Selected Answer: Enzymatic digestion of the nucleus and nucleolus occurs, halting DNA synthesis. • Question 59 What is one function of the tumor cell marker? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: To provide a definitive diagnosis of cancer • Question 60 0 out of 1 points What is the second most commonly recognized genetic cause of intellectual disability? Selected Answer: Down syndrome • Question 61 1 out of 1 points A student asks the healthcare professional to explain the function of the papillary muscles. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: These muscles prevent backward expulsion of the atrioventricular valves. • Question 62 1 out of 1 points What is the blood type of a person who is heterozygous, having A and B alleles as codominant? Selected A Answer: B • Question 63 1 out of 1 points What is the only surface inside the nephron where cells are covered with microvilli to increase the reabsorptive surface area called? Selected Answer: Proximal convoluted tubules • Question 64 1 out of 1 points A Rh-negative woman gave birth to a Rh-positive baby. When discussing Rho[D] immunoglobulin with her, what information should the healthcare professional provide? Selected Answer: It prevents alloimmunity and hemolytic anemia of the newborn. • Question 65 1 out of 1 points What physical sign does the healthcare professional relate to the result of turbulent blood flow through a vessel? Selected Answer: Murmur heard on auscultation • Question 66 0 out of 1 points A pregnant woman has Graves disease. What test/s does the healthcare professional advise the woman about? Selected Answer: Monthly OB checkups for fetal anomalies or pregnancy loss • Question 67 1 out of 1 points When comparing the clinical manifestations of both diabetic ketoacidosis (DKA) and hyperglycemic hyperosmolar nonketotic syndrome (HHNKS), which condition is associated with only DKA? Selected Answer: Kussmaul respirations • Question 68 Oxygenated blood flows through which vessel? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Pulmonary veins • Question 69 0 out of 1 points In teaching a women's community group, which risk factor does the healthcare professional teach is related to high morbidity of cancer of the colon, uterus, and kidney? Selected Woman who have smoked for more than 10 Answer: years • Question 70 1 out of 1 points A patient asks the healthcare professional why tissue damage occurs in acute rejection after organ transplantation. What response by the professional is best? Selected Answer: Th1 cells release cytokines that activate infiltrating macrophages, and cytotoxic T cells directly attack the endothelial cells of the transplanted tissue. • Question 71 1 out of 1 points A student asks the professor to differentiate Type 2 diabetes mellitus from Type 1. The professors' response would be that Type 2 is best described as what? Selected Answer: Resistance to insulin by insulin-sensitive tissues • Question 72 0 out of 1 points The Bainbridge reflex is thought to be initiated by sensory neurons in which cardiac location? Selected Answer: Sinoatrial (SA) node • Question 73 1 out of 1 points An amniocentesis indicates a neural tube defect when an increase in which protein is evident? Selected Answer: Alpha fetoprotein • Question 74 1 out of 1 points Phagocytosis involves neutrophils actively attacking, engulfing, and destroying which microorganisms? Selected Answer: Bacteri a • Question 75 1 out of 1 points A student asks about the mechanism that results in type II hypersensitivity reactions. What description by the professor is best? Selected Answer: Antibodies bind to the antigens on the cell surface. • Question 76 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is conducting community education on vaccinations. Which statement about vaccines does the professional include in the presentation? Selected Answer: Vaccines require booster injections to maintain life-long protection. • Question 77 1 out of 1 points A patient has a pulmonary capillary wedge pressure of 30mmHg. What assessment finding by the healthcare professional would be mostconsistent with this reading? Selected Answer: Pink, frothy sputum • Question 78 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient on asthma. The professional tells the patient that the most successful treatment for chronic asthma begins with which action? Selected Answer: Avoidance of the causative agent • Question 79 0 out of 1 points A professor has taught the students about the sources of increased ammonia in patients with hepatic encephalopathy. What statement by a student indicates the professor should review this material? Selected Answer: Ammonia-forming bacteria in the colon are sources of increased ammonia. • Question 80 1 out of 1 points Which hormone is required for water to be reabsorbed in the distal tubule and collecting duct? Selected Answer: Antidiuretic hormone • Question 81 What are tumor cell markers? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Hormones, enzymes, antigens, and antibodies that are produced by cancer cells • Question 82 1 out of 1 points A patient has a history of excessive use of magnesium-containing antacids and aluminum-containing antacids. What lab value does the healthcare professional correlate to this behavior? Selected Answer: Phosphate 1.9 mg/dL • Question 83 0 out of 1 points The student asks the professor why water and electrolytes are transported in both directions through tight junctions and intercellular spaces rather than across cell membranes. What response by the professor is best? Selected Answer: The intercellular hydrostatic pressure is inadequate to push the water and electrolytes across the cell membranes. • Question 84 0 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is caring for a patient undergoing chemotherapy. What is the skin-related health risk the professional should assess the patient for and be prepared to treat? Selected Answer: Erythem a • Question 85 1 out of 1 points Once they have penetrated the first line of defense, which microorganisms do natural killer (NK) cells actively attack? Selected Answer: Viruse s • Question 86 1 out of 1 points Free radicals play a major role in the initiation and progression of which diseases? Selected Answer: Cardiovascular diseases such as hypertension and ischemic heart disease • Question 87 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with an empyema. What does the healthcare professional tell the patient about this condition? Selected Answer: We will have to drain the pus out of your pleural space. • Question 88 1 out of 1 points A patient in the hospital has hypernatremia. What condition should the healthcare professional assess for? Selected Answer: Hypersecretion of aldosterone • Question 89 1 out of 1 points In regulating vascular mediators released from mast cells, the role of eosinophils is to release what? Selected Answer: Histaminase, which limits the effects of histamine during acute inflammation • Question 90 1 out of 1 points What effect is a result of inhibiting the parasympathetic nervous system with a drug such as atropine? Selected Answer: Salivation decreases. • Question 91 1 out of 1 points A patient is having an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. What action by the healthcare professional is best? Selected Answer: Give the patient an antihistamine. • Question 92 1 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with primary emphysema but claims there is no history of smoking. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Facilitate genetic testing on the patient. • Question 93 The pathophysiologic process of edema is related to which mechanism? 0 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Increased plasma oncotic pressure • Question 94 What is the cause of functional dysphagia? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Neural or muscular disorders • Question 95 1 out of 1 points A patient in the clinic reports projectile vomiting without nausea or other gastrointestinal symptoms. What action by the healthcare professional is most appropriate? Selected Answer: Arrange a brain scan. • Question 96 1 out of 1 points What is the initiating event that leads to the development of atherosclerosis? Selected Answer: Injury to the endothelial cells that line the artery walls • Question 97 1 out of 1 points During the cardiac cycle, why do the aortic and pulmonic valves close after the ventricles relax? Selected Answer: Blood fills the cusps of the valves and causes the edges to merge, closing the valves. • Question 98 0 out of 1 points A patient has been diagnosed with a renal stone. Based on knowledge of common stone types, what self-care measure does the healthcare professional plan to teach the patient when stone analysis has returned? Selected Answer: Increase water intake. • Question 99 1 out of 1 points A healthcare professional is educating a patient about asthma. The professional states that good control is necessary due to which pathophysiologic process? Selected Answer: Uncontrolled inflammation leads to increased bronchial hyperresponsiveness and eventual scarring. • Question 100 What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? 1 out of 1 points Selected Answer: Increased capillary permeability [Show More]

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