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Adult Health Exam 4 Study Guide

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Adult Health Exam 3 Study Guide Spring 2019 Trauma to the Urinary System  Trauma to the urinary system can result from both penetrating or blunt trauma  Most common type of injury in the urinary system o Kidney o Bladder  Clinical Manifestations: o Kidney  Hematuria  Pain o Bladder  Pain  Distension  Inability to urinate  A full bladder is more LIKELY to SUSTAIN INJURY than an EMPTY BLADDER  o Urethral  Inability to urinate  DO NOT CATHERIZE PATIENT WITH BLOOD IN URINARY MEATUS  Treatment for renal trauma o Conservative  Rest  Fluid intake  AVOID NEPHROTOXIC DRUGS  NSAIDS  Aminoglycosides  Vancomycin o Ototoxicity and renal toxicity  Avoid magnesium o Radical  Nephrectomy  Treatment for bladder trauma o Surgical intervention  Patient family teaching o Wearing a seatbelt when in an automobile o Following safety rules when riding a bicycle or walking o Wearing protective equipment when participating in contact sports Prostatitis  Inflammation of the prostate gland  Urinary obstruction is an issue if the prostate is enlarged can lead to hydronephrosis or UTI’s  Can be infectious o Two types  Bacterial (E. coli)  Acute  Chronic  Nonbacterial (most common cause of chronic prostatitis) o Clinical manifestations  Swollen  Painful  Changing in voiding patterns o Diagnosis  Urinalysis with culture and sensitivity  Digital rectal exam (to assess the prostate)  Patient family teaching for prostatitis o Comfort measures  Sitz bath  Prevent straining  Fluids  Fiber  Stool softeners  Avoid bladder irritants  Anything with caffeine  Alcohol  Spicy foods  Fluid intake  Make sure they are voiding o Pharmacotherapy  Antibiotics  Fluoroquinolones-Ciprofloxacin  Sulfa-Bactrim o Increased photosensitivity o Sexual activity  Refrain from sexual activity for the first week or so  Ejaculation every 3-4 days to help rid the bacteria o Alcohol and drugs  Alpha blockers (Doxazosin-cardura) helps to shrink the prostate o DO NOT CATHETERIZE!  If they have bacterial and you catharize them, you can push the bacteria upward Benign Prostatic Hypertrophy  Enlargement in the prostate gland and a change in the consistency of the tissue of the prostate gland  The most common male reproductive problem  Not associated with prostate cancer  Risk factor o Age (older men)  Clinical Manifestations o Straining to urinate o Hesitancy in starting urine flow o Decreased force of urine stream o Postvoid dribbling o Nocturia (frequent night urination) o Dysuria (painful urination) o Hematuria o Urgency o Frequency  Potential complications of BPH o Urinary retention o UTI’s o If they have an obstruction and the urine backs up it can lead to hydro

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