• Drugs that PRODUCE a response?
o Agonist
• Drugs that PREVENT a response?
o Antagonist
• Therapeutic WINDOW is what?
o Level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for
obtaining des
...
• Drugs that PRODUCE a response?
o Agonist
• Drugs that PREVENT a response?
o Antagonist
• Therapeutic WINDOW is what?
o Level of the drug between minimal effective concentration in the plasma for
obtaining desired drug response and the minimal toxic concentration
• The time it takes for ½ of the drug concentration to be eliminated from the body is called?
o Half life
• What is a patient on two highly protein bound drugs at risk for
o Accumulation and toxicity
o A decreased responsiveness over the course of therapy which may lead to the need to increase dosages to attain the same effect tolerance
• What is it called for drugs to share many common features
o Classification or class
• What makes drugs fit into the same “class”
o Related by chemical structure
o Work in the same way
o Used for the same purpose
• Another name for antagonist?
o Adrenergic blocker
• Who do you not give antagonist or adrenergic blocker to?
o Asthma client
• Beta blockers commonly seen in what clients?
o Hypertension
• Antagonist suffix
o LOL
• Antagonist S/S
o Decreased HR
o Rest and digest
o Bronchospasm
• Agonist S/S
o Increased HR, Fight or flight, Vasoconstriction, Increase blood sugar
• Before administering antagonist what do you check
o HR and BP
• Cholinergic
o Salivate, Lacrimation, Urinate, Defecate, Decreased weight
• Anticholinergic
o Can’t see, pee, spit, poop, and increase HR
• What type of drug is Reglan?
o Cholinergic
• How do you treat cholinergic crisis
o Atropine
• Cholinergic crisis S/S
o Flushing, sweating, nausea, ab cramping
• Anticholinergic drugs are contraindicated in who?
o Coronary artery disease (increase HR)
o GI obstruction (constipation)
o Supraventricular tachycardia (increase HR)
• CNS stimulant drugs are contraindicated in who?
o Coronary artery disease (cause vasoconstriction=heart attack)
o Hypertension (additive hypertension=stroke)
• Hemorrhagic stroke
o Increase BP
o Increase HR
o Increased RR
o Unresponsive to deep pain
• Anorexiants can lead to what?
o 16x greater risk for stroke
• Most common side effects of Ritalin
o Irritability
o Insomnia
▪ Weight loss
▪ Decrease appetite
• Benzodiazepines increase activity to what neurotransmitter (PAM & LAM)
o GABA
• Reversal to benzodiazepines
o Flumazenil
• Ambien side effects
o Sedative/hypnotic
o Suicidal ideation
o Dependence
o Abnormal behavior
• Drug choice for treating status epilepticus
o Diazepam’s
• Dilantin can do what?
o Cause gum disease
o Treat seizures
o Cause high BP
o Cause birth defects
o Decrease effectiveness of anticoagulants
• When a client is on Dilantin what are some nursing interventions?
o Monitor for narrow therapeutic index (freq blood test)
o Take as prescribed
o Oral care
o Teach pt to use barrier contraceptives along with oral
• What is therapeutic level for Depakote?
o 40-100
• If Depakote levels are high (>100) what needs to be done?
o Hold meds
o Check liver function with blood test
o Discuss with DR
o Neuro assessment
o Check vitals
• What does Depakote treat?
o Epilepsy
o Migraine
• Bipolar disorder
• Benzodiazepines can lead to what?
o Tolerance
o Dependence
o Withdrawal
• Barbiturates reversal treatment
o Activated charcoal
• Example of barbiturates
o Phenobarbital
• What disease process goes with “dopamine depletion”, rigidity, acetylcholine accumulation, acetylocholinerase inhibitor drugs, facial masking, motor neuron degeneration and anticholinergic drugs
o Parkinson’s disease
• What disease goes with confusion, bradykinesia, memory loss, amyloid plaques, and neurofibrillary tangles
o Alzheimer’s disease
• Aricept improves what?
o Cholinergic function
• What is SLUD
o Salivation, lacrimation, urination, defecation
• You CANNOT crush CONTIN, POTASSIUM and IRON
o You CAN crush calcium antacids
• What disease process goes with “lack of Ach receptor sites”?
o Myasthenia Gravis
• What disease process goes with “respirator muscle weakness”?
o Myasthenia gravis
• What disease process goes with “anticholinesterase inhibitor drugs”?
o Myasthenia gravis
• What should you avoid while taking cyclobenzaprine (flexeral)?
o Driving and alcohol
• A patient is taking an MAOI and eating blue cheese and red wine with dinner, what should you tell them that they are at risk for?
o Hypertensive crisis
• A patient is taking Lithium, you should advise them to avoid what other drugs?
o Ibuprofen, ACE inhibitor, HCTZ
• Serotonin syndrome S/S
o Agitation, confusion, rigidity, fever
• Extrapyramidal (EPS) effects are most common with which class of antidepressants?
o Tricyclics
• What to keep in mind with lithium?
o It has a narrow therapeutic range, do not crush, check serum levels, take
same time every day, and lab range is .4-.8 MeQ/L
• What drugs contain acetaminophen?
o Vicodin, Tylenol, Lortab, Norco, Excedrin, Nyquil, fioricet, Percocet, alka
seltzer plus
• What drugs do not contain acetaminophen?
o Tramadol, gabapentin, flexeril, ketorolac, Motrin, dilaudid, Advil
• What drug should not be given during an acute gout flare up?
o Probenecid
• What is an injectable NSAID?
o Toradol
• Ibuprofen should always be taken with?
o Food or milk
• All opioids can be reversed by what?
o Narcan/naloxone
• Max daily dose of acetaminophen for adults?
o 3 grams/2 grams for elderly or liver/kidney damage
• Common side effect of opioids are?
o Respiratory depression, hypotension, increase intracranial pressure
• Extra pyramidal symptoms?
o Tardive dyskinesia, akathisia, acute dystonia
• Neuroleptic malignant syndrome?
o Sudden high fever, tachycardia, BP fluctuations, altered mental status, acute
renal failure
• The ONLY non-sedating anti-anxiety med is?
o Buspar
• Typical antipsychotics may be prescribed for short term use why?
o It is faster working
• Extra pyramidal side effects are most commonly seen in which class of medications?
o Typical antipsychotics
• How do you know if a neuroleptic is working?
o Positive change in behavior
• What do you need to teach with DMARDS?
o Good hygiene
• What is pharmaceutics?
o Applies only to tablets or capsules given by mouth (PO). The process in which
the tablet or capsule becomes a solution so that it can cross the biologic membrane of the stomach or small intestine
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