Milestone Chapter 21: Cancer Development (Concepts for Interprofessional Collaborative Care College Test Bank)

Chapter 21: Cancer Development Ignatavicius: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The student nurse learning about cellular regulation understands that which process occurs during the S phase of t ...

Chapter 21: Cancer Development Ignatavicius: Medical-Surgical Nursing, 8th Edition MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. The student nurse learning about cellular regulation understands that which process occurs during the S phase of the cell cycle? a. Actual division (mitosis) b. Doubling of DNA c. Growing extra membrane d. No reproductive activity ANS: B During the S phase, the cell must double its DNA content through DNA synthesis. Actual division, or mitosis, occurs during the M phase. Growing extra membrane occurs in the G1 phase. During the G0 phase, the cell is working but is not involved in any reproductive activity. DIF: Remembering/Knowledge REF: 360 KEY: Cellular regulation| physiology MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 2. A student nurse asks the nursing instructor what “apoptosis” means. What response by the instructor is best? a. Growth by cells enlarging b. Having the normal number of chromosomes c. Inhibition of cell growth d. Programmed cell death ANS: D Apoptosis is programmed cell death. With this characteristic, organs and tissues function with cells that are at their peak of performance. Growth by cells enlarging is hyperplasia. Having the normal number of chromosomes is euploidy. Inhibition of cell growth is contact inhibition. DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 360 KEY: Cellular regulation| physiology MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 3. The nursing instructor explains the difference between normal cells and benign tumor cells. What information does the instructor provide about these cells? a. Benign tumors grow through invasion of other tissue. b. Benign tumors have lost their cellular regulation from contact inhibition. c. Growing in the wrong place or time is typical of benign tumors. d. The loss of characteristics of the parent cells is called anaplasia. ANS: C Benign tumors are basically normal cells growing in the wrong place or at the wrong time. Benign cells grow through hyperplasia, not invasion. Benign tumor cells retain contact inhibition. Anaplasia is a characteristic of cancer cells. This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 12-28-2021 11:23:29 GMT -06:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/15973379/Chapter-21/ DIF: Understanding/Comprehension REF: 361 KEY: Cellular regulation| physiology| benign tumors MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 4. A group of nursing students has entered a futuristic science contest in which they have “developed” a cure for cancer. Which treatment would most likely be the winning entry? a. Artificial fibronectin infusion to maintain tight adhesion of cells b. Chromosome repair kit to halt rapid division of cancer cells c. Synthetic enzyme transfusion to allow rapid cellular migration d. Telomerase therapy to maintain chromosomal immortality ANS: A Cancer cells do not have sufficient fibronectin and so do not maintain tight adhesion with other cells. This is part of the mechanism of metastasis. Chromosome alterations in cancer cells (aneuploidy) consist of having too many, too few, or altered chromosome pairs. This does not necessarily lead to rapid cellular division. Rapid cellular migration is part of metastasis. Immortality is a characteristic of cancer cells due to too much telomerase. DIF: Remembering/Knowledge REF: 362 KEY: Cellular regulation| cancer| pathophysiology MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 5. Which statement about carcinogenesis is accurate? a. An initiated cell will always become clinical cancer. b. Cancer becomes a health problem once it is 1 cm in size. c. Normal hormones and proteins do not promote cancer growth. d. Tumor cells need to develop their own blood supply. ANS: D Tumors need to develop their own blood supply through a process called angiogenesis. An initiated cell needs a promoter to continue its malignant path. Normal hormones and proteins in the body can act as promoters. A 1-cm tumor is a detectable size, but other events have to occur for it to become a health problem. DIF: Remembering/Knowledge REF: 362 KEY: Cellular regulation| pathophysiology| cancer MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 6. The nurse caring for oncology clients knows that which form of metastasis is the most common? a. Bloodborne b. Direct invasion c. Lymphatic spread d. Via bone marrow ANS: A This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 12-28-2021 11:23:29 GMT -06:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/15973379/Chapter-21/ Bloodborne metastasis is the most common way for cancer to metastasize. Direct invasion and lymphatic spread are other methods. Bone marrow is not a medium in which cancer spreads, although cancer can occur in the bone marrow. DIF: Remembering/Knowledge REF: 363 KEY: Cancer| cellular regulation| pathophysiology MSC: Integrated Process: Teaching/Learning NOT: Client Needs Category: Physiological Integrity: Physiological Adaptation 7. A nurse is assessing a client with glioblastoma. What assessment is most important? a. Abdominal palpation b. Abdominal percussion c. Lung auscultation d. Neurologic examination ANS: D A glioblastoma arises in the brain. The most important assessment for this client is the neurologic examination.