HCA 255 DISCUSSION QUESTION TOPIC 1 TO 7 ALREADY GRADED A

HCA-255 DQ’s Topic 1 DQ 1 The executive branch of the federal and state governments enforces health policies based upon the priorities that they give for scarce resources or funds. Explain why a specific priority may b ...

HCA-255 DQ’s Topic 1 DQ 1 The executive branch of the federal and state governments enforces health policies based upon the priorities that they give for scarce resources or funds. Explain why a specific priority may be given to fighting a local disease in your home state by the current government and what agencies may be tasked to head this effort. Priority is given to diseases that have the impact to affect a large number of people in such a short amount of time which can result in either death or hospitalization. If officials start to see a steady increase in the public, they may issue a quarantine, while they study the disease to see who is most likely to get it. The flu is a disease the infects many older and immunocompromised people during the fall and winter since their immune system is weaker than the average person (CDC, 2020). To combat the flu from spreading the government started to give vaccinations, told people to cover the mouth and nose when they sneeze, to wash their hands good, limit contact with someone who has it, and avoid touching your face. If you do end up with the flu your doctor can prescribe medication to fight it. The reason why the flu was dangerous was because it was spreading so quickly to many people without their knowledge and attacking their system to the point where they had to be hospitalized or they died, but because the government took action you don’t hear much about the flu being an epidemic anymore because of all the preventive measures we have now. CDC. (2020). People at high risks for flu complications. Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/flu/highrisk/index.htm Topic 1 DQ 2 Health laws are passed by the legislative branch of federal and state governments. These laws often rely upon allocating funds to the executive branch to enforce them. Please provide an example of a historic law that was passed at the federal or state level that is not currently funded for enforcement. Getting bills to be laws are hard because it has to go through the House of Representatives, The Senate, and the President. When laws are made the House and Senate, sometimes the President, are all in agreement for the bill and it will become a law. HIPAA stands for Health Insurance Portability and Accounting Act of 1996 is a federal law that prevents health care staff from giving out a patients information unless the patients allows them to do so. However, there are certain times when this law is revoked such as, when required by the law, during court proceedings, abuse, neglect, identification of the deceased, etc. Center for Disease Control and Prevention. (2018). Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act of 1996 (HIPAA). Retrieved from https://www.cdc.gov/phlp/publications/topic/hipaa.html#:~:text=The %20Health%20Insurance%20Portability%20and,the%20patient%27s%20consent%20or%20knowledge. Topic 2 DQ 1 Executive branch policies may differ from the needs of public health policy. Almost 5% of the world’s population died of the Spanish flu during World War I, possibly because the spread of the disease was not shared because it was thought that the public may not support the war effort. Provide another example of a time in U.S. history when an executive policy contradicted a health policy. President Ronald Regan did not take the cases of AIDS seriously when he was the president. AIDS was first discover in 1981 when there were few cases. Reagan did not announce the discovery of the disease until September of 1985 (HIV.gov, n.d.). That is four years he had to publicly announce the crisis that is because it was considered a “gay pandemic”, which at that time many people considered gay people as unnatural and this was God’s doing for sinning. This also placed a stigma on gay people that only gay people can give it to others and that it was contagious. It wasn’t until June of 1987 that Reagan signed an executive order for the first Presidential Commission on AIDS (HIV.gov, n.d.). “By the end of Reagan’s presidency in 1989, the United States had suffered 89,343 AIDS-related deaths” (Widakuswara ,2020, para. ). HIV.gov. (n.d.). Timeline of HIV and AIDS. Retrieved from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv- basics/overview/history/hiv-and-aids-timeline Widakuswara P. (2020). How US Presidents Have Handled Public Health Crises. Retrieved from https://www.voanews.com/science-health/coronavirus-outbreak/how-us-presidents-have-handled- public-health-crises Topic 2 DQ 2 From information you have read or researched, explain why the Food and Drug Administration relies upon testing before clearing certain pharmaceuticals or medical devices for consumption or use. The Food and Drug Administration relies upon testing before clearing certain pharmaceuticals or medical devices for consumption or use because it could have an adverse affect to the public’s health. It “is responsible for protecting the public health by assuring the safety, efficacy, and security of human and veterinary drugs, biological products, medical devices, our nation's food supply, cosmetics, and products that emit radiation” (USAgov, n.d., para. 1). This was created to prevent any incidents involving chemicals and foods that are harmful to humans. USAgov. (n.d.). Food and Drug Administration. Retrieved from https://www.usa.gov/federal- agencies/food-and-drug-administration Topic 3 DQ 1 After watching "Legislative Process: How a Bill Becomes a Federal Law," summarize the legislative process, and describe the relationship between cost and quality stakeholder involvement in the legal process. The legislative process first begins with an idea that addresses a problem and it is shared with a specific committee that deals within their scope of interest. Two types of bills: authorization and appropriation. Appropriation deals with spending and comes directly from the House, while authorization deals with the policy of the laws and go from committees to the house. If the authorization bill passes in committee then it goes to the full house, if the bill passes there then it will go to one of the Senate committees. If the bill does not pass in the House of Representatives, then the bill dies. The committee will view the bill and vote, if the majority votes for the bill then it is possible that it will go to the full Senate, if not then it will die. The Senate will do a majority vote for the bill, if it is approved by the Senate then it will go to the President. If the President vetoes the bill, it will either die or go back to congress. If both, the House and the Senate, like the bill they will override the president’s veto and make it a law. Stakeholders are important because they are invested in the succession of a company and so they will make decisions based on the risk and improvement. Stakeholders get the last say in how much something costs and if it will affect the quality of healthcare, so they are very important in decisions. Topic 3 DQ 2 After watching "One School's Fight: The Making of a Law," describe the economic evaluation used to solve the school's funding problems. How might this process be applied to solve a problem in health care? After watching "One School's Fight: The Making of a Law," I noticed that it took Congress 4 years to pass a bill to solve the issue. It discussed how there was a school in Yosemite Park that needed funding otherwise the children would have to travel one and a half hours to get to school. No one wants their child to wake up at 5 am just to go to school, so the school went to congress to see of they could get funding for their school, since California would not give it to them. The first time around the bill did not get passed because it was not passed before Congress ended. The second and third time the bill did not pass. When it did pass it did not get as much money as they wanted, however it was part of a bill that expanded the Golden Gate National Recreation area, so in the end the school got the funding it needed to keep the school running. This process can be applied to solving a problem in health care because it can take a long time to get the bill passed; but this school demonstrated that with persistence it is possible to get your bill to passed. Annenberg Classroom. (2020). One school’s fight: the making of a law. Retrieved from https://www.annenbergclassroom.org/resource/one-schools-fight-making-law/ Topic 4 DQ 1 Compliance with health care policies protect patients, staff, and the public. Provide one example of a health policy that protects patients as well as other stakeholders, and identify the agency that enforces the policy. Is enforcement fully funded? Why or why not? Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) of 1996 is a policy that protects patients as well as other stakeholders. It was created “to make health care delivery more efficient and to increase the number of Americans with health insurance coverage” (National Academy of Sciences, 2009). It protects the privacy of patients. The Office for Civil Rights is the agency that enforces the policy and is responsible for enforcing the privacy and security aspect that was later added in 2002. It is a fully funded policy that protects against all discrimination, has the support of the medical field, and beneficial to all parties involved. Since it is fully funded many hospitals and other health organization are likely to follow this policy because of the repercussions that comes with violating HIPAA. National Academy of Sciences. (2009). HIPAA, the privacy rule, and its application to health research. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK9573/ Topic 4 DQ 2 Currently, states regulate the licensing requirements of health care practitioners. If this duty were handled at the federal level in an effort to save money by having one licensing board instead of a board in every state, what would an advantage and a disadvantage be in this policy or law change? The advantage of this policy change would be that health practitioners could practice in any state without having to take the board in another state that they want to practice (Wicklund, 2018). The disadvantage of this policy would be that everyone would h