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1. Bacterial cells could have any of the following appendages, except B. cilia. 2. Spirochetes have a twisting and flexing locomotion due to appendages called D. periplasmic flagella. 3. The s... hort, numerous appendages used by some bacterial cells for adhering to surfaces are called C. fimbriae. 4. The transfer of genes during bacterial conjugation involves rigid, tubular appendages called E. sex pili. 5. All bacterial cells have A. a chromosome. 6. The term that refers to the presence of flagella all over the cell surface is E. peritrichous. 7. The outcome of the Gram stain is based on differences in the cell's C. cell wall. 8. The most immediate result of destruction of a cell's ribosomes would be .03 9. A bacterial cell exhibiting chemotaxis probably has D. flagella. 10. Which structure protects bacteria from being phagocytized? D. capsule 11. If bacteria living in salty seawater were displaced to a freshwater environment, the cell structure that would prevent the cells from rupturing is B. cell wall. 12. Peptidoglycan is a unique macromolecule found in bacterial A. cell walls. 13. All of the following structures contribute to the ability of pathogenic bacteria to cause disease, except A. inclusions. 14. A procaryotic cell wall that has primarily peptidoglycan with small amounts of teichoic acid and lipoteichoic acid is B. gram-positive. 15. A bacterial genus that has waxy mycolic acid in the cell walls is A. Mycobacterium. 16. All of the following pertain to endotoxins, except they E. are found in acid fast bacterial cell walls. 17. The difference in cell wall structure of Mycobacterium and Nocardia compared to the typical gram-positive bacterial cell wall structure is A. more peptidoglycan. B. predominance of unique, waxy lipids. C. easily decolorized. D. presence of lipopolysaccharide. E. All of the choices are correct. ...E. All of the choices are correct. 18. Lipopolysaccharide is an important cell wall component of B. gram-positive bacteria. 19. The periplasmic space is C. an important reaction site for substances entering and leaving the cell. 20. Which of the following, pertaining to prokaryotic cell membranes, is mismatched? A. internal folds - mesosomes B. sterols present - mycoplasmas C. form a bilayer - phospholipids D. unique hydrocarbon present - cyanobacteria E. function - regulates transport of nutrients and wastes E. function - regulates transport of nutrients and wastes 21. The site/s for most ATP synthesis in prokaryotic cells is/are the E. cell membrane. 22. The bacterial chromosome C. is part of the nucleoid. 23. Which is mismatched? A. ribosomes - protein synthesis B. inclusions - excess cell nutrients and materials C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism D. nucleoid - hereditary material E. cytoplasm - dense, gelatinous solution C. plasmids - genes essential for growth and metabolism 24. Magnetosomes are D. composed of magnetic iron oxide particles. 25. The function of bacterial endospores is C. for protection of genetic material during harsh conditions. 26. Chemical analysis of a bacterial cell structure detects calcium dipicolinic acid. What is the identity of this structure? E. endospore 27. Endospores are A. metabolically inactive. B. resistant to heat and chemical destruction. C. resistant to destruction by radiation. D. living structures. E. All of the choices are correct. E. All of the choices are correct. 28. Bacterial endospores are not produced by A. Staphylococcus. 29. Which term is not used to describe bacterial cell shapes? B. tetrad 30. Which statement is not a characteristic of biofilms? A. They can be involved with human disease. B. They involve bacteria only. C. They evolve and adapt to their surroundings. D. They are very difficult to eliminate with antimicrobials. B. They involve bacteria only. 31. An important indicator of evolutionary relatedness is to determine D. nitrogen base sequence of rRNA. 32. Which phylum is mismatched? A. Gracilicutes - gram-negative cell walls B. Firmicutes - gram-positive cell walls C. Actinobacteria - waxy acid fast cell walls D. Proteobacteria - archaea cell walls E. None of the choices are correct E. None of the choices are correct 33. Which is mismatched? A. Chlamydias - lack ability to independently complete growth and metabolism B. Green sulfur bacteria - photosynthetic anaerobes that use sulfur in metabolism C. Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic bacteria D. Myxobacteria - gliding, fruiting, slime bacteria E. None of the choices are correct ...C. Cyanobacteria - filamentous, gliding, thermophilic bacteria 34. The presence of thylakoids, phycocyanin, gas inclusions, and cysts would be associated with B. cyanobacteria. 35. When a rod shaped bacteria is short and plump, it is called a: D. coccobacillus. 36. Sarcinae refers to B. a cuboidal packet of cells. 37. What is the correct sequence for a Gram stain? C. crystal violet, Gram's iodine, alcohol, safranin 38. All of the following are correct about biofilms, except A. they are cooperative associations among several microbial groups. B. they play an important role in recycling elements in the earth. C. they can colonize medical devices. D. an example could be the scum that builds up in toilet bowls. E. they are harmless aggregations of microbes ...E. they are harmless aggregations of microbes 39. Bacteria with small bunches of flagella emerging from the same site are said to be A. lophotrichous. 40. All of the following are correct about a slime layer, except D. it plays a role in cell motility. 41. Lysozyme, an enzyme found in tears, provides a natural defense against bacteria by A. hydrolyzing peptidoglycan in cell walls. 42. In the Gram stain, the mordant is E. iodine. 43. Which cell structure is an important agent in modern genetic engineering techniques? C. plasmids 44. A microoganism has been described to you as living in hot acidic habitats in the waste piles of coal mines that regularly sustain a pH of 1 and a temperature of nearly 60C. Which type of organism do you immediately assume it is? D. Archaea 45. Which of the following is mismatched? A. Rickettsia rickettsii: Rocky Mountain Spotted Fever B. Rickettsia typhi: endemic typhus C. Chlamydia trachomatis: blindness D. Coxiella burnetti: Cow pox E. All of these are correct associations D. Coxiella burnetti: Cow pox 46. Which of the following characteristics is not a property of cells or living things? C. Nucleus 47. Archaea do not have the typical peptidoglycan structure found in bacterial cell walls. True False True 48. Bacteria in the genus Mycoplasma and bacteria called L-forms lack cell walls. True False True 49. Gram-negative bacteria do not have peptidoglycan in their cell walls. True False False 50. Hot carbolfuchsin is the primary dye in the acid fast stain. True False True 51. The region between the bacterial cell membrane and the cell wall is called the outer membrane. True False False 52. The prokaryotic cell membrane is a site for many enzymes and metabolic reactions. True False True 53. If during the gram stain procedure, the bacterial cells were viewed immediately after crystal violet was applied, gram-positive cells would be purple but gram-negative cells would be colorless. False 54. Endospores of certain bacterial species can enter tissues in the human body, germinate, and cause an infectious disease. True 55. Iodine is the decolorizer in the Gram stain. False 56. If you observe rod shaped, pink cells on a slide that had just been gram stained, you can assume that their cell walls contain endotoxin. True 57. The term diplococci refers to an irregular cluster of spherical bacterial cells. False 58. Thiomargarita namibia is the smallest bacteria known to man. False 59. The stain is used to stain and differentiate Mycobacterium and Nocardia from other bacteria. acid fast 60. The prokaryotic flagellum has three parts: the , the hook, and the basal body. filament 61. Movement of a cell toward a chemical stimulus is termed . positive chemotaxis 62. The cell is composed of three layers: the glycocalyx, the cell wall, and the cell membrane. envelope 63. is a macromolecule containing alternating N-acetylglucosamine and N-acetylmuramic acid cross-linked by short peptide fragments. ...peptidoglycan 64. During the Gram stain, gram cells decolorize when the alcohol is applied. negative 65. The enzyme , that is found in tears and saliva, can hydrolyze the bonds in the glycan chains of certain bacterial cell walls. lysozyme 66. The chemical components of ribosomes are proteins and . rRNA 67. A prokaryotic ribosome has a 70 S size composed of two smaller subunits of which the smaller subunit is S size and the larger one is S size. 30s 50 s 68. Cells form a arrangement when cells in a chain snap back upon each other forming a row of cells oriented side by side. palisades 69. Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is a manual of bacterial descriptions and classifications. ...Bergey's Disease-causingmicroorganismsarecalled: Pathogens ThemicrobsorganismsthatdoNOThaveanucleusintheircellsarecalled Prokaryotes Whenhumansmanipulatethegenesofmicroorganismstheproces iscalled Geneticengineering Whichofthefollowingisnotconsideredamicroorganism? A.Mosquito B.Protozoa C.Bacteria D.Viruses E.Fungi A. Mosquito Allmicroorganismsarebestdefinedasorganismsthat Aretoosmalltobeseenwiththeunaidedeye Whichactivityisanexampleofbiotechnology? E.Coliproducinghumaninsulin Thesmallestandmostsignificantaxonis Species Whichofthefollowingisataxonthatcontainsalltheothertaxalisted? A.Species B. Phylum C.Kingdom D.Genus E.Family Kingdom Helminthsare Parasiticworms Whenasigningascientificnametoanorganism Bothgenusandspeciesnamesareitalicizesorunderline T/F:Ithasbeenover25yearssinceanewinfectiousdiseasehasemergedin theworld False T/F:Allmicroorganismsareparasites False T/FOnedistinguishingcharacteristicofthearcheaisthatheyliveinextreme environments true Theshort,numerousappendagesusedbysomebacterialcellsforadheringto surfacesarecalled Fimbriae Bacterialcellscouldhaveanyofthefollowingappendagesexcept: A.flagella B.cilia C.fimbrae D.periplasmicflagella(axilfilaments) E sexpili B.cilia Thetransferofgenesduringbacterialconjugationinvolvedrigid,tubular appendagescalled: Pili Allbacterialcellshave Onechromosome Theterm thatreferstothepresenceofflagellaalloverthecellsurfaceis Peritrichous TheoutcomeoftheGram stainisbasedondifferencesinthecells Cellwall Chemotaxisreferstotheabilityto Movetowardanutrient Abacterialcellexhibitingchemotaxisprobablyhas Flagella Whichstructureprotectsbacteriafrom beingphagocytized Capsule Peptidoglycanisauniquemacromoleculefoundinbacterial Cellwall Aprokaryoticcellwallthathasprimarilypeptidoglycanwithsmallamountsof trichroicacidandlipoteichoicacidis Gram positive Abacterialgenusthathaswaxymycolicacidinthecellwallis Mycobacterium Lipopolysacharideisanimportantcellwallcomponentof Gram negativebacteria Thesites/sformostATPsynthesisinprokaryoticcellsis/arethe: Cellmembrane Whichismismatched A.Ribosomes-proteinsynthesis B.inclusions-exces cellnutrientsandmaterials C.Plasmids-genesesentialforgrowthandmetabolism D.Nucleoid-hereditymaterial E.Cytoplasm-dense,gelatinoussolutions C.Plasmids-genesesentialforgrowthandmetabolism Thefunctionofbacterialendosporesis: protectionofgeneticmaterialduringharshconditions Whichterm isnotusedtodescribebacterialcellshapes: A.cocus B.tetrad C.vibrio D.rod E.spirochete B.tetrad Whichidmismatched? A.Gracilicutes-gram negativecellwalls B.Firmicutes-gram positivecellwalls C.Tenericutes-waxyacidfastcellwalls D.Mendosicutes-archaeacellwalls E.noneofthesechoicesarecorrect C.Tenericutes-waxyacidfastcellwalls Gram negativeorganisms: areles susceptibletoantibioticsthanGram positives Plasmids areoftenthesiteofpathogenicgenes Movementofacelltowardachemicalstimulusistermed Chemotaxis Duringagram stain,gram cellsdecolorizewhenthealcoholisapplied? Negative Aprocaryoticribosomehasa70Ssizecomposedoftwosmallersubunitsof whichthesmallersubunitis Ssizeandthelargeroneis Ssize. 30,50 T/F:Archaeadonothavethetypicalpeptidoglycanstructurefoundinbacterial cellwalls true T/F:Gram negativebacteriadonothavepeptidoglycanintheircellwalls false T/F:Theterm diplococireferstoanirregularclusterofsphericalbacterial cells false Theeucaryoticcellorganellethatmostresemblesabacterialcellisthe: mitochondria Eucaryoticflagelladifferfrom procaryoticflagellabconlyeucaryoticcontain microtubules Ciliaarefoundincertain protozoa Chitinisachemicalcomponentofthecellwallsof fungi ThesiteforibosomalRNAsynthesesisthe nucleolus Histonsare ProteinsasociatedwithDNAinthenucleus Whichofthefollowingisfoundineucaryoticcellsbutnotinprocaryoticcells a.nucleus b.mitochondria c.endoplasmicreticulum d.lysosomes e.allchoicesarecorrect e.allchoicesarecorrect Thesizeofaeucaryoticcellribosomeis 80S Fungithatgrowasyeastatonetemperaturebutwillgrowasmoldatanother temperaturearecalled dimorphic Themotile,feedingstageofprotozoaiscalledthe: trophozite Theendosymbiotictheoryhasbeendevelopedtoexplaintheemergenceof eukaryotes Thepasagewaysinthenuclearenvelopeformovementofsubstancestoand from thenucleusandcytoplasm arecallednuclear pores T/F;Eucaryoticmitochondriahavetheirown70SribosomesandcircularDNA true Viruseshaveallthefollowingexcept: a.definiteshape b.metabolism c.genes d.abilitytoinfecthostcells e.ultramicroscopicsize b.metabolism Hostcellsofvirusesinclude a.human&otheranimals b.plants&fungi c.bacteria d.protozoa&algae e.allofthechoicesarecorect e.allofthechoicesarecorect Thecoreofeveryvirusparticlealwayscontains eitherDNAorRNA Viruscapsidsaremadefrom subunitscalled capsomers Viruses cannotbeseeninalightmicroscope Thecorrectsequenceofeventsinviralmultiplicationis adsorption,penetration,replication,maturation,asembly,release virusacquireenvelopesaroundtheirnucleocapsidsduring release esthatcauseinfectionresultinginalteringperiodsofactivitywithsymptoms andinactivitywithoutsymptomsarecalled latent Infectiousproteinparticlesarecalled prions Creutzfeld-Jacobdiseaseis aspongiform encephalopathyofhumans Viralnucleicacidsincludewhichofthefollowing?a.doublestrandedDNAb. singlestrandedDNAc.doublestrandedRNAd.doublestrandedRNAe.all choicesarecorect e.allchoicesarecorrect Virusesthatinfectbacteriaarespecificallycalled bacteriophages Oneoftheprincipalcapsidshapesisa20sidedfigurewith12evenlyspaced cornersreferedtoasa capsid icosahedral Anakedvirusonlyhasa nucleocapsid A istheproteinshellaroundthenucleicacidcoreofavirus capsid Hostrangeislimitedby typeofhostcellreceptorsoncellmembrane Whichofthefollowingisnotasociatedwitheveryvirus?a.envelopeb. capsomeresc.capsidd.nucleicacide.genome a.envelope [Show More]

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