Sophia history II – Milestone 3,100% CORRECT

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Choose the statement that best explains why Eugene McCarthy had the support of many students during the 1968 presidential election. • He decided to compete in the Democratic primary by running... on an antiwar campaign. • He had the support of most party leaders and was popular with blue-collar workers who were in unions. • Most of his support was coming from African Americans and other minorities, as well as Catholics. • He represented Southern Democrats who were resistant to the party’s support of the civil rights movement. 2 One component of containment policy was the Marshall Plan, which included all of the following conditions EXCEPT __________. • "The purpose of the plan is to unite Western Europe around the principles of democracy and capitalism." • “Any money received from the plan must be spent on American goods.” • “Governments must be free of all Communist influence before receiving financial assistance.” • “Countries that receive aid must agree to defend one another in the event of Soviet aggression.” 3 Choose the statement that explains one way the federal government supported private business during World War II. • “We will assume the majority of costs associated with converting your factory to produce wartime materials.” • “We will decrease taxes on corporations and allow them to lower wages for the duration of the war.” • “We will enforce antitrust regulations while wartime mobilization and production are in effect.” • “We will award defense contracts to the smallest 100 corporations in the United States.” 4 Which of the following was associated with the counterculture movement in the 1960s? • registering African American voters in the South • experimenting with marijuana and psychedelic drugs • protesting free-speech policies at universities • organizing sit-ins at lunch counters 5 Segregation of white and colored children in public schools has a detrimental effect upon the colored children. The impact is greater when it has the sanction of the law, for the policy of separating the races is usually interpreted as denoting the inferiority of the negro group. Which of the following statements best explains chief justice Earl Warren's argument against public school segregation contained in this excerpt? • Public school segregation interferes with the ability of both white and black students to reach their full potential in life. • Southern states have failed to provide truly equal facilities for black and white students, and therefore the segregation of public schools must end. • Separating children on the basis of race has a negative effect on African American students even if the separate facilities are equal in every way. • Based on the "equal protection" clause of the 14th Amendment, it is unconstitutional to segregate public school children. 6 Why did the United States adopt a “Europe first” strategy upon entering World War II? • Winston Churchill and Franklin Roosevelt had convinced Joseph Stalin that Italy was vulnerable to invasion. • The United States owed large sums of money to European nations after World War I. • Soviet soldiers were preventing German troops from entering key Soviet cities. • Nazi Germany appeared to be on the brink of conquering Europe. 7 Which statement does NOT describe an effect of economic expansion in the 1950s? • "It seemed as if everyone I knew had moved to the city." • “We began to see more convenience stores and fast-food restaurants as car ownership increased.” • “College enrollment increased at this time.” • “Large families were encouraged, and were common.” 8 All of the following statements reflect a reason identity politics grew in the United States in the 1960s EXCEPT __________. • “Based on the idea that the United States is a melting pot, we support policies that address the needs of all Americans.” • “To promote solidarity, we began to celebrate our heritage and cultural practices, which led to a sense of self-pride.” • “Because we were poor and working class, we were disproportionately drafted and sent into combat in Vietnam.” • “We formed a national organization to address our frustrations with traditional gender and societal roles.” 9 Read the excerpt from a presidential committee report published in 1947: It is impossible to decide who suffers the greatest moral damage from our civil rights transgressions, because all of us are hurt. That is certainly true of those who are victimized. Their belief in the basic truth of the American promise is undermined . . . . The damage to those who are responsible for these violations of our moral standards may well be greater . . . . All of us must endure the cynicism about democratic values which our failures breed. How does this excerpt demonstrate that the Cold War affected the civil rights movement in the United States? • Those who oppose the United States are trying to create hostilities toward it by members of other races. • The committee is aware that the United States needs to take stronger steps to address racial discrimination at home. • In response to global criticism, the committee vows to investigate and prosecute racism in the United States. • Communists are distorting America’s racial shortcomings to challenge the growth of democracies. 10 Choose the statement that does NOT describe a way that conformity was encouraged among Americans during the Second Red Scare. • "Traditional family units and American values, such as personal responsibility, are depicted on my favorite television shows." • “Gays and lesbians go to great lengths to hide their sexual orientation for fear of losing their job and reputation.” • "Politicians and elected officials risk being replaced if they're suspected of having Communist leanings." • "We must establish good relations with China to prevent Communists from committing espionage within the United States." 11 “As part of the Lyndon Johnson administration’s War on Poverty, my teenage son participated in the __________ program, which provided training and work experience so he could have the same advantages as others.” • Job Corps • Community Action Program • Head Start • Teacher Corps 12 One consequence of containment policy on American politics in the 1940s and 1950s was __________. • highly contested legislative elections • Red-baiting, or falsely accusing political opponents as Communist sympathizers • the discovery of more than 200 Communist sympathizers in the State Department • an increase in Communist sympathies among the public 13 Federal housing policies prior to World War II and government agencies, such as the Home Owners’ Loan Corporation, helped create ________. • low-income housing • residential segregation • de jure segregation • equal access to home ownership 14 Select the false statement about Dwight Eisenhower’s New Look strategy during the Cold War. • It encouraged the formation of the Green Berets, a special forces unit trained in counterinsurgency. • It cut the size of the armed forces nearly in half while building up the nuclear arsenal. • It emphasized nuclear weaponry and covert operations over conventional warfare. • It embraced the idea of “massive retaliation” against any Soviet attack. 15 Choose the statement that reflects U.S. involvement in Vietnam during the Eisenhower administration. • The United States escalated the bombing campaign against North Vietnam and almost doubled military spending — to over $80 million — in one year. • The U.S. provided support — money and advisors — to Ngo Dinh Diem in South Vietnam because the administration believed that the Soviet Union and China controlled North Vietnam. • Congress passed a resolution that increased the executive branch’s war power, and the U.S. became an official combatant in the war. • Despite U.S. support, the government of South Vietnam grew weaker. As a result, the United States approved a military coup against the faltering government. 16 Prior to Brown v. Board of Education, in 1946, president Harry Truman created a Presidential Committee on Civil Rights. What was another civil rights achievement undertaken by the Truman administration? • The Supreme Court ruled in favor of Herman Sweatt, who had been denied admission to a Texas law school. • The armed forces were desegregated through an executive order. • The Double V Campaign successfully desegregated lunch counters in Washington, DC. • Thurgood Marshall helped found the NAACP’s Legal Defense and Education Fund. 17 Choose the false statement about women in the workforce during World War II. • The aircraft industry employed large numbers of women. • Employers did not want to hire married women with children. • The government actively recruited women for wartime jobs. • Women made up more than a third of the domestic workforce. 18 Choose the statement that was NOT a reaction against Brown v. Board of Education by Southerners during the 1950s. • “We will protest the desegregation of buses by refusing to use them.” • “This ruling will destroy the friendly relationship between the white and black races.” • “The Supreme Court has misused its power by ordering desegregation in schools.” • "We will continue to intimidate and kill those who challenge the status quo." 19 Choose the statement that describes the civil rights March on Washington in 1963. • It led to the conviction of Ku Klux Klan members. • It successfully integrated racially-segregated interstate buses and terminals. • It built national support for the Civil Rights Act. • It introduced the Mississippi Freedom Democratic Party. 20 All of the following were factors in president Harry Truman’s decision to drop atomic bombs on Japan EXCEPT __________. • Germany’s conditional surrender • willingness to kill civilians while destroying military targets • a desire to save American lives • racism toward the Japanese 21 In the summer of 1963, president John Kennedy stated his support for a civil rights bill. The bill he envisioned would give the federal government greater power to do all of the following EXCEPT __________. • prohibit segregation in public accommodations • oversee elections in Southern states • outlaw discrimination in employment • enforce school desegregation 22 President Franklin Roosevelt became convinced that the United States should support the Allies in the war in Europe for all of the following reasons EXCEPT __________. • He was concerned about Great Britain's ability to stand against German aggression. • He feared Germany would attempt to take over and control all of Europe. • He was convinced by the America First Committee to intervene. • He believed the rise of fascism was a threat to all nations. 23 Choose the statement that best analyzes events in the year 1968 through the lens of race. • White society and institutions were complicit in the impoverished conditions experienced by urban blacks. • The violent protests outside of the Democratic National Convention revealed a need for law-and-order in the United States. • Chicago police took action against crowds of protesters at the Democratic National Convention. • Richard Nixon promised to bring home the troops and end the Vietnam War honorably. 24 All of the following traditions reflected the relationship between conformity and the American family in the 1950s EXCEPT __________. • Women were not encouraged to work outside of the home. • Whether working-class or middle-class, men were expected to support their families. • Those who chose to live outside of societal norms were largely ignored by mainstream culture. • Advertisers offered “labor-saving” devices aimed directly at a female audience. 25 What was one motivation behind the development of the United States's containment policy following World War II? • to limit the expansion and influence of Communism in places currently undergoing decolonization • to establish a "second front" between the Soviet Union and Communist China • to restrict the movement of European refugees after the war • to defend against the military alliance formed between the Soviet Union and the postwar German government [Show More]

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