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NURSING MED SURG CARDIOVASCULAR SYSTEM AND CARE OF PATIENTS STUDY GUIDE

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Overview of Anatomy and Physiology of the Heart •4 Chambers •Divided by a septum •Composed of three layers: -Endocardium – thin inner lining of the heart -Myocardium – muscle portion of... the heart -Epicardium – outer layer of the heart •Surrounded by the pericardium – contains about 10-30ml of fluid to protect and cushion the heart -Too much fluid can cause the heart to stop as well as tamponade ▪Drain it through Pericardiocentesis Heart Chambers and Valves Anatomy of the heart -Specialized muscle composed of 4 hollow chambers ▪2 Atria – Upper Left & Right ▪2 Ventricles – Lower Left & Right -Contractions squeeze blood in a systolic (active) phase, and then chambers fill up in diastolic (relaxation) phase; Atria contract as ventricles fill, ventricles contract as atria fill -Made up of 3 layers ▪Endocardium – inner layer that makes up valve structures ▪Myocardium – middle layer, thickest and responsible for contraction ▪Epicardium – outer layer, fluid secreting for lubrication Circulation, Respiration & the Heart • • • • Blood from the body > right atrium via superior/inferior vena cava > tricuspid valve > right ventricle > pulmonary valve > pulmonary arteries > lungs > pulmonary veins > left atrium > mitral valve > left ventricle > aortic valve > aorta Right sided HF – edema in the body – blood backs up in the body and causes edema Left sided HF – edema in the lungs – fluid in lungs - crackles [Show More]

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