NR 602 / NR602 MIDTERM EXAM 2022 – 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED

NR 602 / NR602 MIDTERM EXAM 2022 – 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED What is a chalazion? What causes a chalazion?  - Blockage of the meibomian gland What puts a person at risk for a chalazion? What are phy ...

NR 602 / NR602 MIDTERM EXAM 2022 – 100% CORRECT AND VERIFIED What is a chalazion? What causes a chalazion?  - Blockage of the meibomian gland What puts a person at risk for a chalazion? What are physical exam findings for a chalazion? What is prevention for chalazion? What is treatment for chalazion? What is the follow-up for chalazion? What is blepharitis? What are the two types of blepharitis? What can cause seborrheic blepharitis? What are s/s of seborrheic blepharitis? - Chronic inflammation of eyelid Erythema Greasy scaling of anterior eyelid Loss of eyelashes Seborrheic dermatitis of eyebrows/scalp What usually causes ulcerative blepharitis? ANS - Infection w/staph or strep What are s/s of ulcerative blepharitis? ANS - Itching Tearing Recurrent styes Chalazia Photophobia Small ulceration at eyelid margin Broken/absent eyelashes Most frequent complaint: ongoing eye irritation, conjunctiva redness What is the treatment for blepharitis? ANS - Clean w/baby shampoo 2-4 times/day Warm compresses Lid massage (right after warm massage) How are infected eyelids with blepharitis treated? ANS - Antistaph abx: bacitracin, erythromycin 0.05% x1 wk and quinolone ointments How is blepharitis infection resistant to topical abx treated? ANS - Tetracycline 250mg PO x4 Doxy 100mg PO x2 What is conjunctivitis? ANS - Inflammation or irritation of conjunctiva What is the most common cause of conjunctivitis in peds? ANS - Bacteria What are some common causes of bacterial conjunctivitis? ANS - Contact lenses Rubbing eyes Trauma What are s/s of bacterial conjunctivitis? ANS - Purulent (green/yellow) drainage, initially unilateral, then bilat Sensation of FB is common Redness Crust/matted eyelids in AM How long does bacterial conjunctivitis usually last? ANS - 5-7 days (self-limiting) What is the treatment for bacterial conjunctivitis? ANS - Eye drops: polytrim, erythromycin, tobramycin, cipro What is the most common organism causing bacterial conjunctivitis? ANS - H. influenza What are common causative organisms of viral conjunctivitis? ANS - Adenovirus Coxsackie Herpes Molluscum What are s/s of viral conjunctivitis? ANS - Profuse tearing Mucus drainage Burning Concurrent URI Enlarged/tender preauricular nodes What is treatment for viral conjunctivitis? ANS - Antihistamine Decongestant How long does viral conjunctivitis usually last? ANS - 7-14 days (self-limiting) What is the cause of chlamydial conjunctivitis? ANS - Chlamydial trachomatis What are s/s of chlamydial conjunctivitis? ANS - Profuse exudate Associated w/GU s/s 1-2wks after birth When does gonococcal conjunctivitis usually occur? ANS - 2-4d after birth What is the biggest concern with gonococcal conjunctivitis? ANS - Can cause blindness What is the treatment for chlamydial conjunctivitis? ANS - PO azithromycin, doxy (tetracyclines increase photosensitivity, don't use in pregnancy) When does chlamydial conjunctivitis usually improve? ANS - 2-3wks What causes allergic conjunctivitis? ANS - IgE mast cell reaction Environmental Cosmetics What are s/s of allergic conjunctivitis? ANS - Marked conjunctival edema Severe itching Tearing Sneezing How is allergic conjunctivitis treated? ANS - Topical antihistamine or topical steroids When is improvement usually seen in allergic conjunctivitis? ANS - 2-3 days How is chemical conjunctivitis treated? ANS - Thimerosal Erythromycin Silver nitrate What are s/s of chemical conjunctivitis? ANS - Conjunctival erythema Conjunctivitis never accompanies _______________ ________________. ANS - Vision changes When is ophthalmology referral necessary for conjunctivitis? ANS - Herpes Hemorrhagic Ulcerations When can a pt return to work/school with conjunctivitis? ANS - 24h after topical abx What is hand foot mouth? ANS - Highly contagious viral illness, most common in kids <5 What is the most common cause of HFM? ANS - Coxsackie A 16 What are s/s of HFM? ANS - Fever Vesicular eruptions in oropharynx that may ulcerate Maculopapular rash involving hands & feet Rash evolves into vesicles, esp. on dorsa of hands/feet Lesions on buccal mucosa, palate, palms/soles, buttocks