1. Question :
During a stress response, the Th1 response is suppressed by which hormone?
Student Answer: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Cortisol
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Instructor
Explanation:
Stress can act
...
1. Question :
During a stress response, the Th1 response is suppressed by which hormone?
Student Answer: Adrenocorticotropic hormone (ACTH)
Cortisol
Prolactin
Growth hormone
Instructor
Explanation:
Stress can activate an excessive immune response and, through cortisol and catecholamines,
suppress the Th1 response, causing a Th2 shift. This response is not active by any of the other
options.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 2. Question :
The function of opsonization related to the complement cascade is to:
Student Answer: Tag pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and
macrophages
Process pathogenic microorganisms so that activated lymphocytes can be
created for acquired immunity
Destroy glycoprotein cell membranes of pathogenic microorganisms
Promote anaphylatoxic activity, resulting in mast cell degranulation
Instructor
Explanation:
C3b adheres to the surface of a pathogenic microorganism and serves as an efficient
opsonin. Opsonins are molecules that tag microorganisms for destruction by cells of the
inflammatory system, primarily neutrophils and macrophages. The other options do not
accurately describe the function of opsonization related to the complement cascade.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 3. Question :
Which primary characteristic is unique for the immune response?
Student Answer: The immune response is similar each time it is activated.
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The immune response is specific to the antigen that initiates it.
The immune response to a specific pathogen is short term.
The immune response is innate rather than acquired.
Instructor
Explanation:
Unlike inflammation, which is nonspecifically activated by cellular damage and pathogenic
microorganisms, the immune response is primarily designed to afford long-term specific
protection (i.e., immunity) against particular invading microorganisms; that is, it has
a memory function. The other options are not unique characteristics of the immune response.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 4. Question :
The release of which cytokines is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer,
or tissue injury, which, in turn, initiate a stress response?
Student Answer: IL-1 and IL-2
IL-12, tumor necrotic factor–alpha (TNF-α), and colony-stimulating factor
IFN, tumor necrotic factor–beta (TNF-β), and IL-6
IL-4 and IL-24
Instructor
Explanation:
Of the options offered, only the release of immune inflammatory mediators IL-6, TNF-β, and
IFN is triggered by bacterial or viral infections, cancer, and tissue injury that, in turn, initiates a
stress response through the hypothalamic-pituitary-adrenal (HPA) pathway.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 5. Question :
A reduction in an individual’s number of NK cells appears to correlate with an
increased risk for the development of:
Student Answer: Depression
Type 1 diabetes
Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD)
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https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/
Gastroesophageal reflux disorder (GERD)
Instructor
Explanation:
A meta-analysis of studies shows a relationship between depression and the reduction in
lymphocyte proliferation and natural killer cell activity. Currently, no research supports the
other options.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 6. Question :
Which cells have a role in developing cell-mediated immunity?
Student Answer: Th1
CD4
CD8
Th2
Instructor
Explanation:
Only Th1 cells help develop cellular immunity.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 7. Question :
A nurse is providing care to a terminally ill adult who has been with his life partner
for over 56 years. Research supports the nurse’s assessment of the life partner for
signs of:
Student
Answer:
Suicidal ideations
Cardiac dysrhythmia
Severe stress reaction
Anorexia-induced weight loss
Instructor
Explanation:
The results of a Harvard study showed evidence that a spouse’s illness or death can increase a
partner’s mortality by causing severe stress and removing a primary source of emotional,
psychologic, practical, and financial support. Although the other options may exist, research does
not currently support them as having the stated correlation.
Points Received: (not graded)
This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/
Comments:
Question 8. Question :
Toxigenicity is defined as the:
Student Answer: Ability of the pathogen to invade and multiply in the host
Ability of the pathogen’s to produce disease by the production of a soluble
toxin
Ability of an agent to produce disease
Potency of a pathogen measured in terms of the number of microorganisms
required to kill the host
Instructor Explanation: Toxigenicity is the ability of a pathogen to produce soluble toxins or endotoxins, which are
factors that greatly influence the pathogen’s degree of virulence. The other options do not
accurately define toxigenicity.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 9. Question :
The functions of the MHC and CD1 molecules are alike because both:
Student Answer: Are antigen-presenting molecules
Bind antigens to antibodies
Secrete interleukins during the immune process
Are capable of activating Tc lymphocytes
Instructor Explanation: MHC and CD1 molecules are both APCs. The other options do not accurately describe the
common function of these cells.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 10. Question :
Where are antibodies produced?
This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/
Student Answer: Th lymphocytes
Thymus gland
Plasma cells
Bone marrow
Instructor
Explanation:
An antibody or immunoglobulin is a serum glycoprotein produced only by plasma cells in
response to a challenge by an immunogen.
Points Received: 0.5 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 11. Question :
Perceived stress elicits an emotional, anticipatory response that begins where?
Student Answer: Prefrontal cortex
Anterior pituitary
Limbic system
Hypothalamus
Instructor
Explanation:
Perceived stressors elicit an anticipatory response that begins in the limbic system of the brain,
the only option responsible for emotions and cognition.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 12. Question :
Interferon-alpha (IFN-α) is secreted from which cells?
Student Answer: Virally infected cells
Bacterially infected cells
Macrophages
Mast cells
This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 04-19-2022 02:17:06 GMT -05:00
https://www.coursehero.com/file/14002114/Week-2-Patho-Quiz/
Instructor
Explanation:
Different kinds of interferons (IFNs) are produced by different types of cells—macrophages are
the primary producers of both IFN-α and IFN-β. The other options do not accurately identify cells
secreted by IFN-α.
Points Received: 0 of 0.5
Comments:
Question 13. Question :
What effect does estro
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