NUR1211-Chapter 7: Innate Immunity: Inflammation -questions and answers

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue ...

MULTIPLE CHOICE 1. Which action is a purpose of the inflammatory process? a. To provide specific responses toward antigens b. To lyse cell membranes of microorganisms c. To prevent infection of the injured tissue d. To create immunity against subsequent tissue injury ANS: C If the epithelial barrier is damaged, then a highly efficient local and systemic response (inflammation) is mobilized to limit the extent of damage, to protect against infection, and to initiate the repair of damaged tissue. The other options do not accurately identify a purpose of the inflammatory process. PTS: 1 REF: Page 191 2. How do surfactant proteins A through D provide innate resistance? a. Initiate the complement cascade. c. Secrete mucus. b. Promote phagocytosis. d. Synthesize lysosomes. ANS: B The lung produces and secretes a family of glycoproteins, collectins, which includes surfactant proteins A through D and mannose-binding lectin. Collectin binding facilitates macrophages to recognize the microorganism, enhancing macrophage attachment, phagocytosis, and killing. The other options do not accurately identify how surfactant proteins provide innate resistance. PTS: 1 REF: Page 194 3. Which secretion is a first line of defense against pathogen invasion that involves antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids, as well as lactic acid? a. Optic tears c. Sweat gland perspiration b. Oral saliva d. Sebaceous gland sebum ANS: D Sebaceous glands in the skin secrete sebum that is made up of antibacterial and antifungal fatty acids and lactic acid that provide the first-line barrier against pathogen invasion. PTS: 1 REF: Pages 192-193 4. Which bacterium grows in the intestines after prolonged antibiotic therapy? a. Lactobacillus c. Clostridium difficile b. Candida albicans d. Helicobacter pylori ANS: C Prolonged antibiotic treatment can alter the normal intestinal flora, decreasing its protective activity and leading to the overgrowth of other microorganisms, such as the yeast C. albicans or the bacterium C. difficile. The other options do not accurately identify intestinal bacterium whose growth is a result of prolonged antibiotic therapy. PTS: 1 REF: Page 194 5. What causes the edema that occurs during the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels c. Endothelial cell contraction b. Increased capillary permeability d. Emigration of neutrophils ANS: B The increased flow and capillary permeability result in a leakage of plasma from the vessels, causing swelling (edema) in the surrounding tissue and is solely responsible for inflammation- induced edema. PTS: 1 REF: Page 195 6. What process causes heat and redness to occur during the inflammatory process? a. Vasodilation of blood vessels c. Decreased capillary permeability b. Platelet aggregation d. Endothelial cell contraction ANS: A The increased blood flow as a result of vasodilation and increasing concentration of red cells at the site of inflammation cause locally increased warmth and redness. The other options do not accurately identify the process that results in inflammatory redness and heat. PTS: 1 REF: Page 195 7. Activation of the classical pathway begins with: a. Viruses c. Mast cells b. Antigen-antibody complexes d. Macrophages ANS: B Activation of the classical pathway begins only with the activation of protein C1 and is preceded by the formation of a complex between an antigen and an antibody to form an antigen-antibody complex (immune complex) (see Chapter 8). PTS: 1 REF: Page 197 8. What plasma protein system forms a fibrinous meshwork at an inflamed site? a. Complement c. Kinin b. Coagulation d. Fibrinolysis ANS: B The coagulation (clotting) system is a group of plasma proteins that form a fibrinous meshwork at an injured or inflamed site. This protein system (1) prevents the spread of infection to adjacent tissues, (2) traps microorganisms and foreign bodies at the site of inflammation for removal by infiltrating cells (e.g., neutrophils and macrophages), (3) forms a clot that stops the bleeding, and (4) provides a framework for future repair and healing. The other options do not accurately identify such a protein system. PTS: 1 REF: Page 199 | Page 201 9. Which component of the plasma protein system tags pathogenic microorganisms for destruction by neutrophils and macrophages? CONTINUED......