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ONCOLOGY STUDY GUIDE-Exam

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NUR 300: Oncology Study Guide Oncology  Explain how cancer cells differ from normal cell characteristics. o Cancer cells  Large # of diving cells  Variably shaped cell  Large nucleus ... to cytoplasm ratio  Variation in size and shape  Loss of normal cell features  Disorganized arrangement  Poorly define tumor boundary  Distinguish between cell proliferation and differentiation. o Proliferation- process by which cells divide and reproduce o Differentiation –process in which proliferating cells are transformed into different and more specialized cell types  Relate the properties of cell differentiation to the development of a cancer cell line. o G0- resting phase, not active o G1- prepare for DNA replication o S- DNA synthesis o G2- DNA replication o M- mitosis complete – two daughter cells  Discuss how cancer cells break cell rules. o Contact inhibition- not respecting cell space o Cohesiveness- not staying with cells o Communication- no communication o Proliferation control- sometime immortal/ die unpredictably o Proliferation rate- unpredictable, depends on differentiation o Self HLA antigens- “non self” markers attack must be mustered  Identify the stage of cancer when given a client description (using both the staging system and TNM systems) o Malignant tumor is graded  Grade 1- well differentiated  Grade 2- moderately differentiated  Grade 3- poorly differentiated o TNM classification system  T- tumor size  T0- no evidence of tumor  T1S- tumor is situ  T1-4- progressive increase in tumor involvement  N- spread to nodes  N0- no spread to regional lymph nodes  N1- spread to closest or small number of regional lymph nodes  N2- spread to most distant or numerous regional lymph nodes This study source was downloaded by 100000831988016 from CourseHero.com on 05-02-2022 01:22:58 GMT -05:00 https://www.coursehero.com/file/57565253/Oncology-Study-Guide-docx/  M- metastasis  M0- no metastasis  M1-metastasis o Four stage classification system  Stage 1- Confined to organ of origin  Stage 2- locally invasive  Stage 3- regional spread  Stage 4- spread to distant sites  Discuss the concept of metastasis. o Cancer cells break away and settle in another area o Cancer cells good for this since they secrete vascular endothelial growth factor  Substance that gives them the capability to develop new vessels o Primary tumors o secondary tumors  need oxygen and nutrients  angiogenesis  common in lungs, bone, liver and brain o Seeding – tumor shed of seeds into body cavity o Implantation- invades the space next to it o Lymphatic metastasis  First stop is lymph system  Then it can either die, go dormant or proliferate o Vascular metastasis  Spread by vascular dr [Show More]

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