• Prioritization- acute has a higher priority than chronic
o Suddenly, new onset, just developed
• Lab values!!! – don’t just know the ranges, but know how your patient is going to present if they are high/low
o Hypoc
...
• Prioritization- acute has a higher priority than chronic
o Suddenly, new onset, just developed
• Lab values!!! – don’t just know the ranges, but know how your patient is going to present if they are high/low
o Hypocalcemia-Decreased HR, hypotension, decreased peripheral pulses, hyperactive bowels, cramping causes by diet, parathyroid disease, anticonvulsants, renal failure.
o Hypercalcemia- Increased HR, bounding pulses, muscle cramps, N&V, caused by TB or other respiratory issues, dehydration, diuretics and parathyroid disease.
o Hypomagnesemia- Tetany and positive chop sticks signs, caused by chronic alcohol abuse and GI losses.
o Hypermagnesemia decreased deep tendon reflexes(OB/GYN), hypotension, bradycardia, bradypnea, and asystole, caused by excessive intake of Mg but most commonly causes by renal failure.
o Hypokalemia-Psychosis, muscle cramps, palpitations and uncontrolled diabetes, caused by diarrhea, vomiting, alcohol abuse, excessive laxative use, Cushing’s Disease diuretics and anything that relates to metabolic alkalosis.
o Hyperkalemia- Arrhythmias, fatigue caused by DKA, metabolic acidosis, Addison’s disease, severe burns, ACE inhibitors.
o Hyponatremia- headache, neuro changes, seizures caused by excess water; DI, or renal failure or drinking too much water.
o Hypernatremia- Excessive thirst, dry mouth, neuro changes caused by loss of water through skin, heatstroke.
CONTINUED.......
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