Particle Model of Matter High Demand Questions PAPER. GCSE predictor. graded A+

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In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. The information in the box is about the properties of solids ... and gases. Solids: • have a fixed shape • are difficult to compress (to squash). Gases: • will spread and fill the entire container • are easy to compress (to squash). Use your knowledge of kinetic theory to explain the information given in the box. You should consider: • the spacing between the particles • the movement of individual particles • the forces between the particles. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ 1 Aston Academy Page 2 of 24Extra space ____________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (Total 6 marks) (a) A company is developing a system which can heat up and melt ice on roads in the winter. This system is called ‘energy storage’. During the summer, the black surface of the road will heat up in the sunshine. This energy will be stored in a large amount of soil deep under the road surface. Pipes will run through the soil. In winter, cold water entering the pipes will be warmed and brought to the surface to melt ice. The system could work well because the road surface is black. Suggest why. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (1) 2 Aston Academy Page 3 of 24(b) (i) What is meant by specific latent heat of fusion? ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (2) (ii) Calculate the amount of energy required to melt 15 kg of ice at 0 °C. Specific latent heat of fusion of ice = 3.4 × 105 J/kg. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ Energy = ___________________ J (2) (c) Another way to keep roads clear of ice is to spread salt on them. When salt is added to ice, the melting point of the ice changes. A student investigated how the melting point of ice varies with the mass of salt added. The figure below shows the equipment that she used. The student added salt to crushed ice and measured the temperature at which the ice melted. (i) State one variable that the student should have controlled. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (1) Aston Academy Page 4 of 24(ii) During the investigation the student stirred the crushed ice. Suggest two reasons why. Tick ( ) two boxes. Tick ( ) To raise the melting point of the ice To lower the melting point of the ice To distribute the salt throughout the ice To keep all the ice at the same temperature To reduce energy transfer from the surroundings to the ice (2) (iii) The table below shows the data that the student obtained. Mass of salt added in grams 0 10 20 Melting point of ice in °C 0 -6 -16 Describe the pattern shown in the table. ______________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________ (1) (d) Undersoil electrical heating systems are used in greenhouses. This system could also be used under a road. A cable just below the ground carries an electric current. One greenhouse system has a power output of 0.50 kW. Calculate the energy transferred in 2 minutes. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Energy transferred = ___________________ J (3) Aston Academy Page 5 of 24(e) In this question you will be assessed on using good English, organising information clearly and using specialist terms where appropriate. A local council wants to keep a particular section of a road clear of ice in the winter. Describe the advantages and disadvantages of keeping the road clear of ice using: • energy storage • salt • undersoil electrical heating. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Extra space _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (6) (Total 18 marks) Aston Academy Page 6 of 24Solid, liquid and gas are three different states of matter. (a) Describe the difference between the solid and gas states, in terms of the arrangement and movement of their particles. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (4) 3 (b) What is meant by ‘specific latent heat of vaporisation’? ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (2) (c) While a kettle boils, 0.018 kg of water changes to steam. Calculate the amount of energy required for this change. Specific latent heat of vaporisation of water = 2.3 × 106 J / kg. ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Energy required = __________________ J (2) Aston Academy Page 7 of 24(d) The graph shows how temperature varies with time for a substance as it is heated. The graph is not drawn to scale. Explain what is happening to the substance in sections AB and BC of the graph. Section AB _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ Section BC _________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ ___________________________________________________________________ (4) (Total 12 marks) Aston Academy Page 8 of 24A student wants to calculate the density of the two objects shown in the figure below. © Whitehoune/iStock/Thinkstock, © Marc Dietrich/Hemera/Thinkstock Describe the methods that the student should use to calculate the densities of the two objects. _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ _______________________________________________________________________ (Total 6 marks) 4 Aston Academy Page 9 of 24According to kinetic theory, all matter is made up of small particles. The particles are constantly moving. Diagram 1 shows how the particles may be arranged in a solid. Diagram 1 (a) One kilogram of a gas has a much larger volume than one kilogram of a solid. Use kinetic theory to explain why [Show More]

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