Health Care > Summary > NR 602 Week 6 Grand Rounds – PCOS. Complete Solution (All)

NR 602 Week 6 Grand Rounds – PCOS. Complete Solution

Document Content and Description Below

What is PCOS? Women with Polycystic Ovarian Syndrome (PCOS) have abnormalities with the metabolism of androgens and estrogen, which lead to an increase in androgen production (Beena & Thomas, 2016)... . PCOS can result from abnormal functioning within the hypothalamic-pituitary-ovarian axis (Beena & Thomas, 2016; Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). PCOS can be diagnosed when a patient presents with two out of three of the following findings: polycystic ovaries (which is when there are 12 or more follicles in 1 ovary), hyperandrogenism, and ovulatory dysfunction (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). Pathophysiology The pathophysiology of PCOS is complex and no single reason can be confirmed one hundred percent, however, it is thought that insulin resistance plays a key role (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). Patient’s with PCOS are two times more likely to have metabolic syndrome when compared with the general population and they are four times more likely to have type 2 diabetes (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). The pathophysiology is also associated with altered luteinizing hormone (LH) action, a predisposition to hyperandrogenism, and insulin resistance (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). It is believed that the underlying insulin resistance these patients have exacerbate hyperandrogenism via suppression of the synthesis of the sex hormone-binding globulin and increase ovarian and adrenal synthesis of androgens, leading to an overall increase in androgen levels (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). The increase in androgens is what causes the menses to be irregular as well as the development of physical appearances of hyperandrogenism (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). Patients with PCOS have also been found to have an increased risk for developing nonalcoholic fatty liver disease, hyperlipidemia, and sleep apnea (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). Epidemiology PCOS is the most common cause of infertility due to anovulation (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). It is believed that between 6 to 25 percent of reproductive age women have PCOS (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). The symptoms typically begin around the time the woman begins her menses, therefore, the diagnosis is commonly made during adolescence or young adulthood (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). It has been found that these patients are at a higher risk for developing ovarian and endometrial cancers (Williams, Mortada, & Porter, 2016). [Show More]

Last updated: 2 years ago

Preview 1 out of 13 pages

Buy Now

Instant download

We Accept: