AIT TEAS - Science Section

AIT TEAS 2022- Science Section Bronchial epithelial cell membranes possess which of the following? A. microvilli B. cilia C. flagella D. dendrites Emulsification of fats requires ___ and occurs in the ___. A. ...

AIT TEAS 2022- Science Section Bronchial epithelial cell membranes possess which of the following? A. microvilli B. cilia C. flagella D. dendrites Emulsification of fats requires ___ and occurs in the ___. A. amylase; stomach B. bile; stomach C. amylase; small intestine D. bile; small intestine In immune functions involving T-helper cells, the T-helper cell most likely engages in which of the following? A. phagocytosis B. cell lysis C. circulating antibody production D. intercellular membrane binding In a normal human, once blood is pumped out of the heart, which of the following statements is always true? A. It passes through capillaries before returning to the internal chambers of the heart. B. It has been fully oxygenated C. It immediately enters the aorta D. It travels to the lungs before returning to the heart. Oxygen enters the circulatory system during A. inspiration only B. inspiration and the interval between inspiration and expiration only C. the interval between inspiration and expiration and during expiration only D. continuously throughout the entire respiration cycle The integrative functions of the nervous system requires which of the following? A. Sensory input B. Hormonal regulation C. Spinal cord reflexes D. Effector cells The duodenum releases which of the following biologically active proteins? Which of the following will open at the appropriate intervals to allow stomach consents to pass into the duodenum? A. gastroesophageal (GE) sphincter B. pyloric sphincter C. muscular sphincter D. gastroduodenal sphincter which of the following is NOT a capacity of the human innate immune system? A. Phagocytosis of foreign cells B. Stimulation of fever C. Production of antibodies Which of the following correctly describes the relative anatomical positional relationship between two anatomical structures in a normal human adult? A. The heart is ventral to the esophagus B. The scapula is proximal to the vertebral column C. The kidneys are medial to the abdominal aorta D. The urinary bladder is rostral to the pancreas In humans, urea is produced in which of the following locations? A. the liver B. the kidney C. the pancreas D. red blood cells In humans, Which organs listed below dose NOT receive supplies of both oxygenated and deoxygenated blood? A. the lungs B. the heart C. the liver D. the large intestine In humans, which of the skeletal muscles listed below are more often than not under involuntary rather than voluntary control? A. the masseters B. the diaphragm C. the biceps D. the tongue In humans, the majority (>50%) of water obtained through oral intake is absorbed into the body through which of the following? A. the oral mucosa and the esophagus B. the esophagus and the stomach C. the small intestines D. the large intestines Which of the following cell types bind to pathogen-associated molecular patterns (PAMPs)? A. plasma cells B. dendritic cells C. natural killer (NK) cells D. T-helper cells in humans, which of the following is true regarding dietary intake of proteins? A. It does not occur in individuals who are strict vegetarians B. It must include a variety of proteins that consist of all 20 amino acids required for protein synthesis in the body C. Inadequate intake during childhood development can lead to the disease kwashiorkor D. Breakdown begins when proteins reaches the ileum of the small intestine Which hormone inhibits the release of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH)? A. Somatostatin B. Luteinizing hormone (LH) C. Oxytocin D. Corticotropin-releasing hormone What is the corresponding atomic weight if an atom has an atomic mass of 8 AMU? A. 8 AMU B. 8 grams C. Approximately the sum of the masses of the protons and neutrons D. Approximately the sum of all subatomic particles For all biological nucleic acids, a nucleotide is composed of which of the following three components? A. a carboxylic acid. a nitrogenous base, and a pentose sugar B. an amino acid, a hexose sugar, and a nitrogenous base C. a phosphate group, a pentose sugar, and a nitrogenous base D. a phosphate group, a hexose sugar, and an amino acid Where does the diffusion of oxygen from inhaled air to the bloodstream occur? A. bronchi B. lungs C. trachea D. Alveoli Which of the following cellular organelles do not posses an outer encapsulating organellar membrane? A. mitochondria B. ribosomes C. chloroplasts D. nuclei Which of the following is true regarding the relationship between a complete segment of mRNA and the gene from which the mRNA segment was transcribed? A. the mRNA segment base sequence is identical to the DNA gene base sequence B. the mRNA segment base sequence is identical to the complementary DNA strand segment of the gene base sequence C. the mRNA segment base sequence is identical to the complementary DNA strand segment of the gene base sequence except that adenine is substituted for thymine in the mRNA base sequence D. the mRNA segment base sequence is identical to the complementary DNA strand segment of the gene base sequence except that uracil is substituted for thymine in the mRNA base sequence. Which pair of physical quantities is NOT a pair of SI units and comparable to British/ English units? A. Watts: Horsepower B. Liters: Gallons C. Newtons: Joule D. All of the above are appropriate pairs In a covalent bond, two atoms share electrons in order to fill their ___ as much as possible. A. valence shells B. electromagnetic fields C. hydrocarbon molecules D. isotope What molecule is responsible for transmitting genetic information to a cell's ribosomes? A. nucleosome proteins B. mRNA C. the sense strand of DNA D. tRNA What is the name for the testicles and ovaries of the male and female reproductive system? A. gametes B. gonads C. offspring D. GnRh In human cells, which of the following statements correctly states a true principle of the processing of genetic information? A. A single, unique sequence of genes codes for a single unique protein B. A single, unique three-base codon will code for only one single, unique type of amino acid C. A single unique proteins can only be coded for by a single, unique sequence of codons D. A single unique protein can only be coded for by a single, unique sequence of DNA bases Where are the neurotransmitters in the peripheral nervous system released? A. myelin sheath B. synapse C. sarcomere D. ganglia Using the common conversion factor between meters and feet, approximately how many miles would an 8K race be? A. 4 miles B. 4.5 miles C. 5 miles D. 6.5 miles What is the electric charge of an atom with equal numbers of electrons and protons? A. type 1 diabetes B. neutrons = electrons C. energy electric charge of zero D. exactly one atomic mass unit What cells mediate the cellular immune response by phagocytosis or endocytosis for recognition by t-cells? A. antigen-presenting cells (APC) B. defensins C. antibody-producing cells D. -antigen affinity An organized functional collection of adipose cells is considered to be which of the following? A. epithelial tissue B. connective tissue C. a syncytium D. a gland In chemical reactions where a catalyst participates, the catalyst ___ of the reaction by ___ of the reaction. A. increases the efficiency; increasing the activation energy B. increases the efficiency; decreases the activation energy C. increases the rate; increasing the activation energy D. increases the rate; decreasing the activation energy Which of the following is the ground-state electron configuration of a neutral atom of neon? A. 1s^2, 2s^2, 2p^6 B. 1s^2, 2s^2, 3s^2, 3p^4 C. 2s^2, 2p^2, 3s^2, 3p^2, 3p^2 D. 6s^2, 2p^2 In biological chemical systems, an increase in the activity of an enzyme indicates that which of the following has occurred? A. the enzyme has increased its optimum functional pH range B. the enzyme has increased its optimum functional temperature range C. the enzyme has increased its effect on the rate of a chemical reaction D. the enzyme has increased the total number of reactions that it is capable of catalyzing. Which are molecules that dissociate partially or near completely into hydrogen ions with pH values lower than pure liquid water and high concentration of H+? A. Basic B. Acidic C. Neutral D. weak H+ ion concentration Which is a protein able to stretch and relax as muscles contract and relax? A. keratin B. elastin C. ligament D. collagen Which of the following is a site of steroid hormone production? A. the pancreas B. the adrenal gland C. the thyroid D. the thymus In the unbalanced oxidation-reduction reaction CH4+O2-->CO2+H2O which answer choice below shows the correct, balanced half-reaction for oxygen? - 2O2+8e- ___>4O2- What type of intermolecular bond can not be broken by human digestion? A. electromagnetic B. glyosidic C. polar D. covalent Water molecules in the liquid state will have ___ intermolecular bonding compared to the intermolecular bonding of water molecules in the solid state. Which of the following correctly complete the statement above? A. the same type of B. stronger C. a different type of D. no What is the charge of an atom when the number of electrons exceeds the number of protons? A. neutral B. positive C. negative D. the charge is unknown In a single chromosome ____ A. every DNA strand contains genes B. there are always two copies of every gene C. every functional gene can be transcribed into a mRNA molecule D. there are at least 2 alleles for every gene Which of the sequences listed in the answer choices show the correct RNA transcript of the DNA sequence listed below? DNA: AGC TAC CCG RNA: A. TCG ATG GGC B. UCG AUG GGC C. TCG UTG GGC D. CTA GCA AAT Ribosome construction occurs in which of the following locations inside of a cell? A. rough endoplasmic reticulum B. peroxisomes C. Lysosomes D. nucleoli In terms of processing of genetic information, ribosomes are to proteins as ___ is/are to DNA. Which of the following completed the analogy shown above? A. amino acids B. codons C. RNA polymerase D. DNA polymerase In double-stranded DNA, one strand is call the "sense" strand and the other is called the "antisense" strand. Which of the following occurs during replication of a double-stranded DNA? A. the sense strand is completely replicated before replication of the antisense strand begins B. the antisense strand is completely replicated before replication of the sense strand beings C. Either the sense strand or the antisense strand is replicated before replication of the complimentary strand begins D. Replication of both strands occurs simultaneously What does the hypothalamus produce that is primarily responsible for improved mood? A. glucagon B. dopamine C. homeostasis D. Follicle-stimulating hormone (FHS) Which type of immunity are lymph nodes capable of triggering? A. innate immunity B. adaptive immunity C. incompatibility D. myeloid lineage immunity What are the two general structural categories of nitrogenous bases in nucleic acids? A. purines and pyrimidines B. Thymine and uracil C. nucleotides and nucleosides D. pyrimidines and hydroxyurea What is the R group of the amino acid, lysine? A. H+ B. -OH C. CH3 D. NH2 which of the following is a primary functional difference between smooth ER and a rough ER? A. SER does not participate in synthesis of products that are destined for external secretion B. SER does not participate in synthesis of proteins C. RER does not participate in synthesis of products that are destined for external secretion D. RER does not participate in synthesis of proteins Which of the following is a universal feature of all living cells? A. an external cell membrane B. an external cell wall C. a nucleus D. mitochondria Which of the following terms would NOT be used to define the relative position of one body structure to another? A. caudal B. coronal C. Ventral D. inferior Which of the following identifies the type of intracellular filament that generates the whip-like motion of the flagellum of human sperm cell A. thick filaments B. microfilaments C. microtubules D. intermediate filaments