In a general psychological sense, motivation can be defined as - ANSWER the direction and intensity of one's effort
In terms of motivational approaches, the "trait-centered view" focused on ___________ whereas the "si
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In a general psychological sense, motivation can be defined as - ANSWER the direction and intensity of one's effort
In terms of motivational approaches, the "trait-centered view" focused on ___________ whereas the "situation-centered view" takes primary focus on __________. The most widely accepted approach, though, is the __________ view, which incorporates the previous two approaches. - ANSWER individual characteristics, the environment/situation, interactional
Attribution theory focuses on - ANSWER how individuals explain their success and failure
According to Achievement Goal Theory, individuals can adopt certain outcome goal orientations. The orientation towards skill development or improvement is labeled as ______. - ANSWER task/mastery
You are a U-15 soccer coach who notices that one of your athletes loses motivation after each error she makes. She says, "It's always my fault and no matter how hard I train, I will always make mistakes". According to Weiner's basic attribution categories, this athlete views her mistakes as ________. - ANSWER out of one's control
Your textbook refers to arousal as the - ANSWER intensity dimensions of motivation at a particular moment
A low trait-anxious athlete (compared to a high trait-anxious athlete) would perceive competition as - ANSWER less threatening and less anxiety producing
________ concerns the degree to which one worries or has negative thoughts. - ANSWER cognitive state anxiety
Hanin's individualized zones of optimal functioning (IZOF) model suggests that - ANSWER each individual has a specific optimal bandwidth of arousal where performance is optimized
You are a consultant for a Little League softball team in your hometown. One of the players comes to you and asks if you can help her with some anxiety she is feeling during games. Appropriate guidelines for applying your arousal and anxiety knowledge may include: - ANSWER A. develop her confidence to lower her arousal and anxiety
B. recognize how personal and situational factors interact to influence her arousal and performance
C. tailor coaching and instructional practices to her individual circumstances
*D. all of the above*
Competition is best described as: - ANSWER Rewards being given to people on the basis of how their performance compares with other performances
The final stage of the sport competition process according to Martens, the Consequences stage, involves three longer-term effects/outcomes. These include: - ANSWER Performance, attitudes, health
Which game structure category does a 100-yard sprint most likely fit into? - ANSWER Competitive means-competitive ends
Which of the following components is NOT required for cooperation? - ANSWER Self-referenced goals
A youth soccer coach wants to improve cooperation among his team as he feels some kids possess great athletic skills while some need to learn the basics of the game. Which is not a way to implement cooperation among his team to address this concern? - ANSWER Allow the kids to play the same position each game
____________ feedback provides information about specific behaviors, levels of proficiency that should be achieved, and the current level of proficiency. - ANSWER Instructional
In terms of the relationship between competition and intrinsic motivation, competitive success tends to _______ intrinsic motivation, whereas competitive failure tends to ________ intrinsic motivation. - ANSWER increase, decrease
Johnny is a quarterback on his high school football team. His coach has been helping him to improve his passing form by rewarding small daily improvements as he approaches the correct behavior. This is best exemplified by _____. - ANSWER Shaping
In considering the research findings on scholarships by Amorose, Horn, and Miller (1994, 2000), what combination of coaching behaviors would most likely decrease a scholarship athlete's intrinsic motivation? - ANSWER Coach emphasizes controlling aspect of scholarship, displays autocratic behavior
You recently began coaching an elementary-school basketball team, whose members are learning the game for the first time. You seek to promote your player's enjoyment of their overall sport experience. What would NOT be an appropriate guideline to follow when giving positive reinforcement to your novice young players? - ANSWER Reward only the outcomes of players' attempts
The mental health problems that have received the most attention in the United States are - ANSWER depression and anxiety
What estimate is given for the number of Americans experiencing depression at any given time according to Strohle, 2009? - ANSWER 1 in 4
Exercise has NOT been shown to INCREASE which of the following markers of psychological well being: - ANSWER depression
Which personality style/trait has been shown to work in combination with exercise to reduce some of the negative effects of stress? - ANSWER hardiness
You are hoping to change your exercise regimen so that it also helps you to achieve positive mood changes. Which of the following would NOT be recommended? - ANSWER Focus on competing with others during exercise.
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