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Course Notes > University of LouisvilleBIO 240ch 5 the structure and function of large molecules notes
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University of Louisville BIO 240 ch 5 the structure and function of large molecules notes The structure and function of large biological moleculesMacromolecules=> critically important large molecul... es of all living things. Four main classes: 1. Carbohydrates 2. Lipids 3. Proteins 4. Nucleic Acids 5.1 Macromolecules are polymers Polymer=> a long molecule consisting of many similar or identical building blocks linked by covalent bonds, a single building block is called a monomer. Some monomers within polymers have functions of their own The synthesis and breakdown of polymers The chemical mechanisms by which cells make and break down polymers are basically the same for different polymers Condensation reaction (dehydration reaction) => monomers are connected by a reaction in which two molecules are covalently bonded to each other through loss of a water molecules. Enzymes=> specialized macromolecules that speed up chemical reactions in cells. Hydrolysis=> a process by which polymers are disassembled and is basically the reverse of the dehydration reaction. Hydrolysis means to break using water Bonds between the monomers are broken by the addition of water molecules Ex. digestion *Figure 5.2 The diversity of polymers Molecules are constructed from only 40 to 50 common monomers and some others that occur rarely Huge variety occurs due to arrangement 5.2 Carbohydrates serve as fuel and building material Carbohydrates=> sugars and polymers of sugars Simplest carbs are monosaccharides, or simple sugars Most common is glucose Depending on the location of the carbonyl group, a sugar is either an aldose (end) or a keytose (middle). [Show More]
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