OCR A Level Ancient History H407/11 Sparta and the Greek World. QUESTION PAPER AND MARKING SCHEME. RATED A+

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Section A: Relations between Greek states and between Greek and non-Greek states, 492–404 BC Answer either question 1 or question 2 and then question 3. Answer either question 1 or question 2. 1... * To what extent do you agree that the Athenian victory in the Battle of Marathon (490 BC) changed the relationships between the Greek city-states and Persia? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge to support your answer. [30] 2* Between 431 BC and 411 BC, how far did the Athenians follow the strategy suggested by Pericles at the beginning of the Peloponnesian War? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge to support your answer. [30] Answer question 3. 3 Read the interpretation below. Lysander … had realised, as had King Agis earlier, that the Spartans could only win the war by starving the Athenians into submission, and that this could only be achieved by cutting off their grain supply from the Black Sea. The inexperience of the Athenian generals and the skill of Lysander brought about the total defeat of the Athenian navy at Aegospotamoi, in the Hellespont opposite Lampsacus, in the late summer of 405. After that, it was only a matter of time before the Athenians, blockaded on land by the forces of King Agis from Decelea and King Pausanias from the Peloponnese, and by sea by Lysander’s navy, surrendered in the first half of 404. Cyrus’ wholehearted support of the Spartans, especially in the supply of Persian gold, proved to be the decisive factor in helping the Spartans to defeat the Athenians in the Ionian War. T. Buckley, Aspects of Greek History 750–323 BC How convincing do you find T. Buckley’s interpretation of the reasons why Athens lost the Peloponnesian War? You must use your knowledge of the historical period and the ancient sources you have studied to analyse and evaluate T. Buckley’s interpretation. [20] 5 10 3 © OCR 2021 H407/11 Oct21 Turn over Section B: The Society and Politics of Sparta, 478– 404 BC Answer question 4 and then either question 5 or question 6. Answer question 4. 4 Read the passages below. This excellence, this prize is the best and finest In the world for a young man to win. This is a general benefaction for the city and all its people, Whenever a man stands foursquare in the front line and abides Unceasingly, and completely forgets shameful flight, Steadfastly risking his life and spirit, And standing beside the next man gives verbal encouragement. This man is good in war. All of a sudden he turns and routs the jagged ranks Of the enemy, and stems the tide of battle with his heroic effort; And moreover if he falls in the front line and loses his dear life Stabbed from in front many times through the chest, Through bossed shield and breastplate, Bringing glory to his city and its people and his father, This man is bewailed by young and old alike, The whole city is distressed by a grievous sense of loss; Tyrtaeus 12.13–28 5 10 15 While we, led by Leonidas, Were like wild boars, I guess, Sharpening their tusks; Foam flowered freely round our cheeks, And foam ran freely round our legs too. For their men were as many as The grains of sand, those Persians. Aristophanes, Lysistrata, 1254–61 5 How useful are these passages for our understanding of the Spartans’ reputation in battle? [12] 4 © OCR 2021 H407/11 Oct21 Answer either question 5 or question 6. 5* ‘The Spartans went to war only as a last resort.’ How far do you agree with this assessment of the Spartans throughout this period? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have studied as well as your own knowledge to support your answer. [36] 6* ‘Only Spartan citizens were useful to the Spartan state.’ How far do you agree with this assessment of Sparta throughout this period? You must use and analyse the ancient sources you have s [Show More]

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