PALS - Written Test and Case Study
Review Material Latest Updated 2022
CPR Sequence Correct Answer-C-A-B
Circulation-Airway-Breathing
Core Case Action Order
(A,I,I) Correct Answer-Assess
Identify
Intervene
CBC
(
...
PALS - Written Test and Case Study
Review Material Latest Updated 2022
CPR Sequence Correct Answer-C-A-B
Circulation-Airway-Breathing
Core Case Action Order
(A,I,I) Correct Answer-Assess
Identify
Intervene
CBC
(Assessment part 1 aka initial assessment) Correct Answer-Consciousness
Breathing
Color
ABCDE
(Assessment part 2 aka primary assessment) Correct Answer-Airway
Breathing
Circulation
Disability
Exposure
SAMPLE
(Assessment part 3) Correct Answer-S/Sx
Allergies
Medications
Past medical hx
Last meal/drink
Events leading to situation
Reversible Causes of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (H&T's)
6 H's
(G,K,T,V,X,DRO) Correct Answer-1. Hypo-Glycemia
2. Hypo/hyper-Kalemia
3. Hypo-Thermia
4. Hypo-Volemia
5. Hypo-Xia
6. HyDROgen ion (acidosis)
Reversible Causes of Pediatric Cardiac Arrest (H&T's)
5 T's
(A,E,HC,HP,O) Correct Answer-1. Tamponade, cardiac
2. Tension pneumothorax
3. Thrombosis, coronary
4. Thrombosis, pulmonary
5. Toxins
UAO: Presentation, Causes, TX Correct Answer-Stridor on inspiration, High pitched inspiration
(Anaphylaxis, Croup, Foreign Body)
Humid Oxygen, Neb Epi, Removal
Croup presentation Tx Correct Answer-O2
Racemic epinephrine (0.25mg/kg)
Humidified epi (0.5 ml/kg/3cc's NS
Core Case Resp 1: UAO (Anaphylaxis) Correct Answer-Open airway
Admin O2 100% non-rebreather, re-assess
AED, Vitals (cardiac rhythm = sinus tachy)
S/sx of UAO, resp distress
TX: Epi IM, Steroids, CPAP
Vascular access
Prepare for intubation
LAO: Presentation, Causes, TX Correct Answer-Wheezing on expiration
(Asthma, Bronchiolitis)
Neb Albuterol,
SQ Epi,
Mag Sulf,
Steroids
Core Case Resp 2: LAO (Bronchiolitis or Asthma) Correct Answer-Admin O2 100% nonrebreather after finishing neb tx, re-assess
AED, Vitals (cardiac rhythm = sinus tachy)
S/sx of LAO, resp distress
Suction nose
TX: Neb albuterol (2.5mg/3cc's NS), Non-invasive pos press vent (NIPPV), Steroids
Vascular access, labs, ABGs, chest X-ray
Prep for bag-mask vent, intubation
Lung Tissue Disease: Presentation, Causes, TX Correct Answer-Grunting, stiff lungs, increased
breathing effort (I, E), tachypnea, crackles
(Pneumonia)
Antibiotics, Albuterol
Core Case Resp 3: Lung Tissue Disease (Pneumonia or Aspiration) Correct Answer-*Admin O2
100% non-rebreather after finishing neb tx, re-assess, titrate O2 to 94-99%
TX: Neb albuterol, antibiotics, Non-invasive vent (CPAP or NIPPV - PEEP)
Prep for bag-mask vent, intubation*
AED, Vitals (cardiac rhythm = sinus tachy)
S/sx of LTD, resp failure
Suction nasopharynx
Vascular access, labs, ABGs, chest x-ray
Disordered Breathing: Presentation, Causes, TX Correct Answer-Irreg breathing pattern
(Drug OD, Injury)
Antidote (narcan), DOPE, MASK AND BAG
DOPE
(Pediatric with airway, deteriorates rapidly) Correct Answer-Displacement (airway is displaced
on chin lift)
Obstruction (tongue fluid)
Pneumothorax (Lung is punctured or plugged)
Equipment (Is it malfunctioning)
IO vascular access components Correct Answer-Less than 24 hour use
Leg bone below knee is best
Stop when POP
Cannot use same bone twice
Must have pressure to flow, PUSH HARD
10 mL/kg on IVF bolus
Flush with 10 mL after any drug
Core Case Shock 1: Hypovolemic (Dehydration) Correct Answer-Admin high-flow O2 nonrebreather, re-assess
AED, Vitals (cardiac rhythm = sinus ta
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