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Which of the following is an example of an unsafe scene for an EMT-Basic to enter? A. Fifty-four-year old male with difficulty breathing B. Twenty-three-year old female with abdominal pain C. Eig... hteen-year old adolescent with a gunshot wound to the chest D. Four-year old child with leg pain - ✔✔C. Eighteen-year old adolescent with a gunshot wound to the chest Reason: Any dispatch to a call with violence involved, such as a gunshot wound, must be secured by police prior to EMS involvement. The other calls do not give any inidication of being unsafe. The arterioles connect the _________ and the capillaries. A. Veins B. Venules C. Arteries D. Vena cavae - ✔✔C. Arteries Reason: The path of blood flow goes from the heart to the aorta to the arteries to the arterioles to the capillaries to the venules to the veins to the vena cavae to the heart. Which of the following patients is at greatest risk for hypothermia? A. Thirty-year old firefighter B. Twelve-year old skier C. Forty-five year old EMT D. Seventy-year old librarian - ✔✔D. Seventy-year old librarian Reason: The very young and very old are greater rsk for hypothermia The zygomatic bones are located in the A. Chest B. Lower leg C. Back D. Face - ✔✔D. Face Reason: The zygomatic bones are the cheekbones Which of the following federal laws was created to prevent "patients dumping" and the practice of denying treatment to patients with no insurance? A. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) B. The White Paper Act C. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) D. The Medical Practice Act of 1988 - ✔✔A. Emergency Medical Treatment and Active Labor Act (EMTALA) Reason: The EMTALA was enacted by Congress in 1986 to ensure public access to emergency services regardless of their ability to pay. This act was also created to prevent hospitals from dumping their patients on other hospitals because of the patient's financial status. The White Paper (A) was not an act, but was a paper published in 1966 addressing the inadequacy of pre-hospital emergency medical care. The Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (C) was created to protect the provacy of healthcare information. There is no such act as the Medical Practice Act of 1988 (D). When using air transport, the EMT-Basic should approach a helicopter A. From the uphill side B. From the rear C. Only when instructed by a helicopter crew member D. Under no circumstances, but instead allow the crew to come to them - ✔✔C. Only when instructed by a helicopter crew member Reason: Helicopters are dangerous vechicles, and safety rules include never approaching from the uphill side because of the danger of the rotors, or from the rear because of the tail rotor. In addition, EMT-Basics should never approach until instructed by a helicopter crew member so that the patient loading can be coordinated safely. Not approaching the helicopter at all may be impractical due to patient care concerns. Which of the following should be noted as insignificant in conducting the patient assessment? A. Medication bottles B. Comments of bystanders and family members C. Physical condition of the patient D. Patient's medical insurance - ✔✔D. Patient's medical insurance Reason: (A), (B), and (C) are all significant in conducting patient assessment. A patient's medical insurance is not a consideration in treating emergency patients. Which of the following is NOT a component of the Glasgow Coma Scale? A. Eye opening B. Verbal response C. Motor response D. Tactile sensatory response - ✔✔D. Tactile sensatory response Reason: (A), (B), and (C) are all components of the Glasgow Coma Scale You have an EMT student riding with you one day. The student is studying for an upcoming test and cannot remember a legal term. The student knows that you must have four elements in order to prove this type of claim. The student knows that the four elements are duty, breach of duty, proximate cause, and harm caused. What term is the EMT student studying? A. Abandonment B. Simple negligence C. Gross negligence D. Malpractice - ✔✔B. Simple negligence Reason: In order to prove simple (also called ordinary) negligence, there must be four elements; duty, breach of duty, proximate cause, and harm caused The head is _________ to the chest. A. Inferior B. Anterior C. Superior D. Posterior - ✔✔C. Superior Reason: Superior refers to an upper region, so the head is considered superior to the chest, while the chest would be considered inferior to the head. Anterior is the front, and posterior is the back What does the "A" stand for in DCAP-BTLS A. Anascoria B. Arterial bleeding C. Alert response D. Abrasions - ✔✔D. Abrasions Reason: The "A" in DCAP-BTLS stands for abrasions There are ________ vertebrae in the lumbar section A. 5 B. 12 C. 14 D. 19 - ✔✔A. 5 Reason: The cervical section of the spine has 7 vertebrae, the thoracic 12, the lumber 5, the sacral 5, and the coccyx 4 Signs and symptoms of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) include the following EXCEPT A. Loss of sexual desire B. Loss of appetite C. Loss of interest in work D. Loss of spontaneity - ✔✔D. Loss of spontaneity Reason: Loss of spontaneity is not a characterisitc symptom of the post-traumatic stress disorder. The other answers are all symptoms of PTSD, and if they last longer than a few days, the EMT-Basic should be referred for professional help The letter "G" in the APGAR score stands for A. Grating B. Grimace C. Guarding D. Gurgling - ✔✔B. Grimace Reason: The baby's ability to make facial expressions is indicative of its ability to function in the outside world. Grating refers to rubbing of two organs together, guarding is when one protects a portion of the body with one's hands, and gurgling is the sound one makes when there is fluid in the oropharynx. None of these are indicators in the APGAR score You are dispatched to an auto accident on a local city street. You respond priority and arrive on scene with suitable precautions. The police are on scene. There is one victim, a woman seated in the car. Her car backed into another car as she was pulling out of her driveway at low speed. As you approach the car, she advises you that she is 36 weeks pregnant with her first child. She advises you that she has no injuries and no hemorrhaging and is not in any pain; however, she wishes to be checked out at the hospital. In what position should she be transported? A. Trendelenburg B. Fowler C. Left lateral recumbent D. Right lateral recumbent - ✔✔C. Left lateral recumbent Reason: Unless contraindicated by some other condition, women in their third trimester of pregnancy should be transported on their left side to prevent the weight of the child from compressing their vena cavae and causing circulatory problems, which could lead to impairment of consciousness and other complications. Trendelenburg is when the legs are elevated to help combat hypotension, and Fowler position is seated upright You respond to a 18-year old male patient who is threatening suicide. The fire department states that before you arrived, the patient told them that he wanted to kill himself. Now, the patient is telling you that he does not want to hurt himself and he just wants to be left alone. Which of the following is the most appropriate treatment? A. Explain the risks of staying at home with suicidal thoughts, and then have the patient sign a refusal form if he appears mentally competent. B. Inform the patient that because he told the fire department that he wants to hurt himself that he will have to go to the hospital. Have the police department assist you with ensuring that the patient is transported to the hospital. C. Find out if the patient can make an appointment with his personal doctor, and then confirm that he has does have an appointment before you clear the scene and return to the station. D. Since the patient did not tell you personally that he wants to kill himself, you must allow him to make his own decisions. Explain to him that he needs to get mental health assistance. - ✔✔B. Inform the patient that because he told the fire department that he wants to hurt himself that he will have to go to the hospital. Have the police department assist you with ensuring that the patient is transported to the hospital. Reason: Because the patient has already expressed the desire to harm himself to a public safety official, the patient must be evaluated by a physician. If the patient refuses to go with you, the police may have to place the patient in protective custody to have him transported to the hospital You respond to call for a female acting strangely. You respond nonpriority and are met by the police, who request you transport the patient to a hospital for a psychological evaluation. The patient is a twenty-year old female who is ballet dancing in the supermarket, bowling, and throwing kisses to an imaginary dancing partner, Rudolf Nureyev. You should next A. Pretend to shake Mr. Nureyev's hand B. Wrap your arms around the patient and force her to the stretcher C. Gently explain to her that there is no Mr. Nureyev dancing with her D. Tackle the patient and assist the police in handcuffing her hands behind her back - ✔✔C. Gently explain to her that there is no Mr. Nureyev dancing with her Reason: The patient is not exhibiting a behavior that requires you to respond with overly aggressive technique, such as tackling her or wrestling her to the stretcher. She is having delusions, and it is not wise to give these delusions credence by acknowledging them, such as by shaking Mr. Nureyev's hand. She might protest when you tell her that Mr. Nureyev is not right there dancing with her, but your confidence and gently demeanor will more often than not win her over to doing what you would like her to do A neonate will normally have ______ pulse rates and respiratory rates than an infant A. Higher B. Lower C. More irregular D. Less irregular - ✔✔A. Higher Reason: Neonates have higher pulse rates and respiratory rates than infants. There is no change in regularity between neonates and infants Most EMTs are injured at which of the following types of calls? A. Domestic violence calls B. Motor vehicle accidents C. Workplace injury calls D. In-station accidents - ✔✔B. Motor vehicle accidents Reason: Most EMT's are injured while treating injured patients at motor vehicle accidents and thus should be more alert to the dangers posed by being on the streets and highways. The other situations also present dangers of which the EMT must be aware, but the MVA is the leading cause of injury . Veins are blood vessels that carry deoxygenated blood ______ the heart A. Into B. Away from C. Toward D. From the lungs to - ✔✔C. Toward Reason: Veins carry blood toward the heart. The vessels that carry blood away from the heart are the arteries Which of the following is NOT a type of muscle? A. Voluntary B. Involuntary C. Cardiac D. Regulatory - ✔✔D. Regulatory Reason: The three types of muscles are voluntary, involuntary, and cardiac. There is no such thing as a regulatory muscle Which of the following is NOT a component of the SAMPLE history? A. Signs and symptoms B. Allergies C. Medications D. Pulse rate - ✔✔D. Pulse rate Reason: SAMPLE stands for Signs and symptoms, Allergies, Medications, Pertinent past history, Last oral intake, and Events leading up to this situation. Pulse rate is a vital sign When should EMS communication equipment be checked? A. Daily B. Monthly C. Weekly D. At the start of every shift - ✔✔D. At the start of every shift Reason: Communications equipment should be checked at the start of each shift. No self-respecting EMT-Basic would like to find out two hours into the shift that his radio was not working and that calls were missed The first thing to be considered when arriving on scene of an emergency call is [Show More]

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