BioChemistry > STUDY GUIDE > Biochem Final Study Guide | well defined terms | 12 pages (All)

Biochem Final Study Guide | well defined terms | 12 pages

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DNA features, function, structure, and comparison with RNA  DNA contains 4 deoxynucleotides  Phosphodiester backbone (2-deoxyribose attached to base) (Polarity)  The double helical structu ... re of DNA is Strands: held together by H bonds between AT(2) and GC (3) o Antiparallel strands. o One turn of B-DNA: 10 base pairs DNA RNA 2’-Deoxyribose Ribose Thymine Uracil Double Stranded Single Strand Stable Susceptible to alkali ->2’,3’ cyclic diesters of mononucleotide Guanine = Cytosine Adenine = Thymine Guanine ≠ Cytosine Adenine ≠ Uracil DNA replication (involved proteins, Okazaki fragment)  Compaction of chromatin  Chromosomal recombination (crossover): requires alignment of homologous chromosome during meiosis  Chromosomal integration: incorporation of virus DNA into the host  Transposition: jumping DNA transposes themselves in and out of the host genome which can affect the function of neighboring DNA sequences. Ex) processed gene in Ig & αglobin  Gene conversion: Similar sequences on chromosomes may pair up & eliminate any mismatched sequences between them -> accidental fixation of variant one (repetitive DNA families)  Gene rearrangements: Ig  DNA replication. Interaction of the O protein to the origin of replication (ori) unwinds DNA at an adjacent A+T-rich region. SSBPs maintains allows helicase, primase, and DNA polymerase, to bind and to initiate DNA synthesis. The replication fork proceeds as DNA synthesis occurs continuously (long arrow) on the leading strand and discontinuously (short arrows) on the lagging strand. The nascent DNA is always synthesized in the 5' to 3' direction. [Show More]

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