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Biochemistry A+ Guide

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Dry weight of a human body consists of: 1. Carbon (C) 60% 2. Nitrogen (N) 11% 3. Oxygen (O) 9% 4. Hydrogen (H) 6% Bulk elements: Na, K, Cl, S, Ca, P Trace Elements: Fe, Co, Cu, Zn MCDB310 – C... hapter 1: Foundations 3 of Biochemistry Carbon • central to nearly all compounds in the world • >90% of the known 13 million compounds are carbon containing (organic) MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 4 of Biochemistry Why? Carbon is very versatile Carbon MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 5 of Biochemistry • 4 unpaired electrons - can share them with 4 different partners • can form single bonds with hydrogen • can form single and double bonds with oxygen and nitrogen Carbon MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 6 of Biochemistry Greatest significance: carbon - carbon bonds Single carbon-carbon bonds (e.g. in amino acids) Double and triple carbon-carbon bonds (e.g. in fatty acids): • shorter bond length • rigid, no rotation possible Carbon MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 7 of Biochemistry Organic compounds: Molecules with covalently bonded carbon backbones (linear, branched or cyclic) Functional Groups: Groups of other atoms that are linked to carbon backbone (determine physical and chemical properties) Functional Groups Involving Oxygen MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 8 of Biochemistry Functional Groups Involving Hydrogen MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 9 of Biochemistry Functional Groups Involving Nitrogen MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 10 of Biochemistry (e.g. His) (e.g. Arg) Functional Groups Involving Sulfur MCDB310 – Chapter 1: Foundations 11 of Biochemistry Functional Groups Involving Phosphorus [Show More]

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