JMU Bio 140 Exam 1
What are the steps in the scientific method? - ✔✔-exploration and discovery
-testing ideas
-community analysis and feedback
-benefits and outcomes
Define Theory - ✔✔A well-substantiated explanatio
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JMU Bio 140 Exam 1
What are the steps in the scientific method? - ✔✔-exploration and discovery
-testing ideas
-community analysis and feedback
-benefits and outcomes
Define Theory - ✔✔A well-substantiated explanation of some aspect of the natural
world, based on a body of gives that have been repeatedly confirmed
The earth's crust consist mainly of what elements? - ✔✔oxygen and silicon
The human body consist mainly of what elements? - ✔✔oxygen, carbon, and hydrogen
Are viruses made of cells? - ✔✔no
What is the central dogma? - ✔✔DNA -> RNA -> Protein
When simple compounds are combined into more complex molecules, the entropy
inside the cell __________. - ✔✔decreases
When energy is released as heat, what happens to the entropy? - ✔✔the entropy
increases
Humans and chimpanzees share _______% of our DNA. - ✔✔98.8
What do nodes do? - ✔✔indicate a common ancestor
What makes a good hypothesis? - ✔✔a prediction about observations not yet made and
can be tested by experiment or further observation
What are the characteristics of life? - ✔✔-complexity
-ability to change in response to the environment
-ability to reproduce
-capacity to evolve
What two elements make up 99% of matter? - ✔✔hydrogen and helium
What is the first law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔energy can neither be created nor
destroyed; it can only be transformed from one form to another
What is the second law of thermodynamics? - ✔✔the degree of disorder in the universe
tends to increase
The amount of disorder in a system is the ________ of the system - ✔✔entropy
Who completed the experiment with rotting meat? - ✔✔Francesco Redi
What did Francesco Redi's experiment prove? - ✔✔living things only come from other
living things
What was the hypothesis which Louis Pasture tested? - ✔✔that microorganisms can
arise by spontaneous generation
What did Louis Pasture's experiment prove? - ✔✔that microbes carried on airborne dust
particles is necessary for microbial growth
Define plasma membrane - ✔✔separates the living material within the cell from the
nonliving environment around it
What is the main difference between Eukaryotes and Prokaryotes? - ✔✔prokaryotes do
not have a nucleus
What are the two sources by which organisms acquire energy? - ✔✔sun and chemical
compounds
Define metabolism - ✔✔chemical reactions by which cells convert energy from one form
to another and build and breakdown molcules
Define ATP - ✔✔stored energy in a chemical form
How does a virus spread? - ✔✔hijacks a cell
Define natural selection - ✔✔the process whereby organisms better adapt to their
environment tend to survive and produce more offspring
Define environmental variation - ✔✔different environments have an effect on the
organism
Define genetic variation - ✔✔difference in genetic material that is transmitted from
parents to offspring
Define ecology - ✔✔the study of how organisms interact with one another and with their
physical environment in nature
Elements are made up of _______ type(s) of atom(s) - ✔✔one
Atoms are made up of what? - ✔✔-protons
-neutrons
-electron
Atoms' nucleus is made of what? - ✔✔protons and neutrons
What is the charge of protons? - ✔✔positive
What is the charge of a neutron? - ✔✔neutral
What is the charge of a electron? - ✔✔negative
What is an ion? - ✔✔A charged atom
Loss of an electron is a - ✔✔cation
Gain of an electron is a - ✔✔anion
If you lose an electron the atom becomes - ✔✔positive
If you gain an electron the atom becomes - ✔✔negative
Mass number - ✔✔protons + neutrons
The further the electrons are from the nucl
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