Chapter #1-4 Study Guide (psychology 101, openstax college book)

Chapter #1-4 Study Guide (psychology 101, openstax college book) Which of the following describes hypothesis? - ✔✔tentative explanation The empirical method of study is based on____________________? - ✔✔observation P ...

Chapter #1-4 Study Guide (psychology 101, openstax college book) Which of the following describes hypothesis? - ✔✔tentative explanation The empirical method of study is based on____________________? - ✔✔observation Psychology is a social science discipline. psychologists scientifically study _________? - ✔✔The mind and behavior Who was the first person referred to as a psychologist? - ✔✔Wilhelm Wundt William James was the ______________________? - ✔✔first American psychologist Psychoanalytic theory focuses on __________________ and early childhood experiences. - ✔✔a person's unconscious According to William James, the purpose of psychology was to _____________________? - ✔✔study the function of behavior __________________ is a perspective within psychology that emphasizes the potential for good that is innate to all humans. - ✔✔humanism Penelope studied the structure and function of the nervous system is related to behavior. She is a _______________? - ✔✔biopsychologist Lucy wants to study changes in cognitive skills, moral reasoning, and social behavior across the lifespan. Lucy should specialize in ________________ psychology. - ✔✔developmental Which kind of psychological area does the work of Jean Piaget exemplify? - ✔✔developmental psychology Edmunds wants to identify relatively consistent patterns of thought and behavior, measure these traits, and determine how these traits interact in a particular context to determine how a person will behave in any given situation. Edmund wants to conduct research in the area of _____________? - ✔✔personality Susan wants to study prejudice, attraction, how we explain our own behavior versus how we explain the behavior of others, and how we resolve interpersonal conflicts. Susan should conduct research in the area of ____________________? - ✔✔social psychology Select the correctly ordered list of psychological theories, with the earliest theorist listed first. - ✔✔Wilhelm Wundt, Sigmund Freud, Noam Chomsky Oona wants to conduct research on personnel management, workplace environment, and what type of environment results in high levels of employee productivity and efficiency. Oona should conduct research int he area of _______________ psychology. - ✔✔industrial-organizational Which of the following is an example of research someone might conduct int he area of health psychology? - ✔✔whether people working at a desk are more likely to be obese Ashya wants to focus on the diagnosis and treatment of psychological disorders and other problematic patterns of behavior. What area of psychology should she work in? - ✔✔clinical psychology Which kind of psychologist would be consulted in jury selection and witness preparation? - ✔✔forensic Naghemeh wants to focus not he emotional, social, vocational, and health-related outcomes of individuals who are considered psychological healthy. Which area of psychology should she work in? - ✔✔counseling psychology Select the currently list of psychological perspectives, with the earliest perspective listed first. - ✔✔structuralism, functionalism, behaviorism, humanism Devine et al. are interested in assessing whether active versus passive play cause a preference for sweet or salty foods in toddlers. They assign groups of children when presented with a variety of passive play, or no play group and record their food choices when presented with a variety of sweet and salty foods. In this study, _____________ is the dependent variable and __________ is the control group. - ✔✔type of play; no play Spurling et al. investigated the effects of two vocabulary learning strategies on word retention two weeks later. In this example, learning strategy is the ___________ variable and word retention is the _________ variable. - ✔✔Independent; dependent A(n) ______________ is a well-developed set of ideas that proposes an explanation for observed phenomena. - ✔✔theory Which correlation coefficient best represents a moderate relationship showing fewer anxiety symptoms in people who report higher life satisfaction? - ✔✔-0.5 In a _____________ study, both the researchers and the participants are unaware of the group assignments. - ✔✔double-blind ___________ is a reduction in the number of research participants as some drop out of the study over time. - ✔✔attrition Dr. Matter, is interested in knowing more about brain injury to the occipital cortex, and he studies patients individually in order to gain-depth knowledge about their behavior. These studies would best be described as ______________? - ✔✔case studies Patwardhan et al. report data from a study where they hired experimental confederates to attend dating events, posing as dates, and carefully take notes on the behaviors of the daters. What type of research design did they use? - ✔✔naturalistic observation In order to assess whether viewpoints on decriminalization of marijuana for medical purposes change with age, four groups of participants, age 20, 30, 40 and 50, are asked whether they support this issue. What in one flaw of this design? - ✔✔social or cultural factors may influence the results, not age. a group of preschool-age children are enrolled in study that plans to follow them over time in order to assess behavior and other characteristics that may predict later development of schizophrenia. This is an example of a(n) ___________ design. - ✔✔longitudinal ___________ research uses past records or data to investigate research questions or to look for patterns or relationships. - ✔✔archival Which of the following research designs will allow cause-and-effect conclusion? - ✔✔experimental Stan and Jenny are in psychology course that requires them to repeat an experiment that researchers have conducted in the past, in order to determine whether they produce the same results. This is called ________. - ✔✔replication negative correlation means _____________. - ✔✔one variable decreased as the other increases Which of the following represents a weak positive correlation? - ✔✔+0.2 Which of the following represents a strong negative correlation? - ✔✔-0.9 On a graph of correlation coefficient, points falling near a straight sloped line indicate ___________________. - ✔✔a strong correlation Research shows that people who smoke cigarettes are more likely to get lung cancer that those who do not smoke. This research alone demonstrates that ____________________. - ✔✔there is a relationship between smoking and lung cancer A(n) __________________ is a variable that affects both variables of interest and may falsely give the impression of a cause-and-effect relationship. - ✔✔confounding variable Simply expecting something to happen can make it happen. This describes ___________________. - ✔✔placebo effect __________________ refers to the ability to consistently produce result. - ✔✔reliability _________________ refers to the ability of an instrument or tool to accurately measure what it is supposed to measure. - ✔✔validity An intelligence test yields the same results when administered on there separate occasions. However, the test's results are more strongly correlated with hours spent homework than they are with others standardized intelligence tests. This test has ___________ reliability and ______________ validity. - ✔✔high; low A major advantage of case studies is ______________. - ✔✔detailed information __________________ is/ are often conducted with large numbers of participants and can even be conducted by phone, email, or mail. - ✔✔surveys The _________ of a neuron contain ____________ that house neurotransmitters, the chemical messengers of the nervous system. - ✔✔terminal buttons; synaptic vesicles The myelin sheath: - ✔✔insulates the neuron and speeds neural transmission The space between two neurons is called the ____________. - ✔✔synapse ____________ is the electrical sign that typically moves from the cell body down the axon to the terminals. - ✔✔action potential A particular signal being transmitted to a neuron is sufficient to generate an action potential. If the magnitude of the incoming electrical signal is double, the action potential will ___________. - ✔✔undergo no changes in strength, speed, or duration. _____________ is a neurotransmitter with roles in pleasure and pain modulation. - ✔✔beta-endorphin Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are drugs commonly prescribed for _____________. - ✔✔depression The two major devisions of the nervous system are the __________ and ____________. - ✔✔central; peripheral nervous systems The ____________ nervous system is responsible for responses such a pupil dilation, increase heart rate, and increase respiration. - ✔✔sympathetic The _____________ nervous system is responsible for stimulating digestion and causing the bladder to contract. - ✔✔parasympathetic Sensory and motor of the _________ nervous system are associated with activities traditionally thought of as conscious or voluntary. - ✔✔somatic The central nervous system consists of the brain and the __________. - ✔✔spinal cord Which of the following higher level processes is NOT a function of the cerebral cortex? - ✔✔breathing Which of the following areas is involved in speech production? - ✔✔Broca's area Dmitris is in a car accident and his parieta