CITI Training - Research Study Design - All Modules Questions and Answers Graded A

CITI Training - Research Study Design - All Modules Questions and Answers Graded A In the case of interventional research, the research question should specify which of the following? ✔✔The population of individuals ...

CITI Training - Research Study Design - All Modules Questions and Answers Graded A In the case of interventional research, the research question should specify which of the following? ✔✔The population of individuals that researchers are interested in examining What does the Institutional Review Board (IRB) do? ✔✔Reviews proposed research in order to assess that the research is in keeping with ethical guidelines and regulatory requirements in order to protect human subjects. The alternative hypothesis states that the connection between key factors of interest and any observed connection is most likely: ✔✔Not due to chance Which of these is the first step in specifying the direction that research will take? ✔✔Research question A hypothesis serves as: ✔✔A proposed mechanism by which key factors relevant to a research question interact with one another A successful literature review will depend on how relevant and comprehensive the chosen database is to the topics of interest, the search parameters, and which of the following? ✔✔Chosen search terms Which methodology best describes observational research designs? ✔✔No manipulation of study variables and no randomization of subjects A group of researchers want to examine the age, gender, and socioeconomic status of patrons of a local café chain. What research design is this? ✔✔Descriptive Research A group of researchers want to examine the effects of "Boston cream" donuts versus "glazed" donuts. They observe a group of people who only eat Boston cream donuts and another group that only eats glazed donuts. The groups are going to be followed for ten years and the occurrence of diabetes will be compared amongst the two groups. What type of study is this ✔✔Prospective Cohort A group of researchers find that very few café customers are willing to talk to them. So, they now decide to look at public records available online at the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). They intend to access diabetes prevalence data in each state. They are then going to examine the number of café franchises in each state. Finally, they will look for a relationship between the number of café franchises and diabetes prevalence. What type of study is this? ✔✔Correlational The objectives of descriptive epidemiology are to address who, what, where, when, and how much of a variable under study is occurring. Which area would be most appropriate for a descriptive research design? ✔✔Determine the prevalence of teenage pregnancies Researchers decide to find one customer who is willing to speak to them about their donut consumption. Apparently, this customer only started patronizing a certain café chain two months ago. Around the same time, she began experiencing migraine headaches. The researchers decide to do an in-depth analysis of this one case. What type of study is this? ✔✔Case Study Researchers are testing the effects of a new weight loss method. Subjects will be randomly assigned to groups. One group will follow the new method and the other group will not. All subjects will be randomized a second time to watch a nutritional information video and the other group will receive a motivational speech. This will result in four different groups as follows: Weight Loss Method + Motivational Speech Weight Loss Method + Informational Video No Weight Loss Method + Motivational Speech No Weight Loss Method + Informational Video What type of design is this? ✔✔Factorial A researcher is planning a study to test the safety and efficacy of a drug to treat asthma. The study will be conducted amongst adult patients with asthma who do not have other major pulmonary diseases. Which best describes all patients with asthma? ✔✔Reference Population Because it is unethical to utilize a placebo-controlled design in cases where not offering study subjects an intervention would subject them to undue harm, and where an efficacious or effective intervention that exists is available, the best design option for a study involving such a situation would be: ✔✔Active comparator Researchers are interested in examining whether a rigorous exercise program may prevent the development of cardiovascular disease. The subjects are healthy individuals, but considered at risk of developing cardiovascular disease. How should this study be broadly categorized? ✔✔Preventive Researchers are testing an experimental drug believed to be effective for controlling mild symptoms of arthritis. They are concerned that this population is older, likely to have additional health problems, and taking additional medications. Therefore, there is the possibility that there could be many confounding variables when comparing two different groups. The researchers decide to conduct a "before-after" type trial where they will compare the same test group's experiences for a period when they receive the test drug versus their experiences when they do not receive the test drug. What type of design is this? ✔✔Cross-over Researchers are testing a drug that they believe to be effective in treating Disease X. Disease X causes symptoms that could be categorized as annoying but does not seriously affect an individual's health. There are no currently known treatments for Disease X. The researchers are concerned that people's belief that the drug will help them might affect their assessment of the drug's ability to improve their symptoms. What is the best design for this study? ✔✔Placebocontrolled When a researcher says that distribution is "skewed," the researcher means that: ✔✔The distribution is heavily to one side or the other of the mean. Researchers develop hypotheses: ✔✔To offer explanations for phenomena they observe. A null hypothesis: ✔✔Is accepted if statistical analysis shows there is low probability that a difference between two groups occurred by chance. The interquartile range is useful to researchers because: ✔✔It shows the researchers how much dispersion there is in the middle range of the distribution. A researcher conducts a written survey to determine the opinion of subjects regarding their opinion of the favorability of a certain hospital. What does a large standard deviation on all the answers tell the researcher about the research sample? ✔✔There is little agreement among the survey respondents. A researcher conducts an experiment and sets the alpha value at ≤ .05. After conducting the statistical analysis, the researcher finds that the actual p-value is .19. The researcher should make the following interpretation: ✔✔The odds that the experimental result was caused by chance/error are too large to reject the null hypothesis Which of the following represents the average, and is calculated by taking the sum of all the values in the data set divided by the number of values?