CHAPTETR 06: COMMUNICATING WITH A DIVERSE POPULATION. All Answers

1. The communication process involves a. a sender. b. a message. c. a receiver. d. All of the above 2. Discrimination and prejudice are different but related. Some examples of discrimination includ ...

1. The communication process involves a. a sender. b. a message. c. a receiver. d. All of the above 2. Discrimination and prejudice are different but related. Some examples of discrimination include a. giving warnings to females who violate traffic laws and issuing tickets to males for the same violation. b. arresting a black man for driving while intoxicated. c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b 3. The __________ encodes a message and then transmits the message. a. telephone b. transmitter c. sender d. receiver 4. According to the text, important individual characteristics in communication include all of the following except: a. Age b. Self-esteem c. Language skills d. Morals 5. Tactical civility as taught by the Verbal Judo Institute stressed that officers cannot afford to show a. politeness. b. professionalism. c. tactical verbal skills. d. a display of anger. 6. The communication process involves all of the following except: a. A sender b. Feedback c. A portal d. A receiver 7. ________________ assumes that all people within a specific group are the same and that they lack individuality. a. Racism b. Cultural diversity c. Stereotyping d. Racial profiling 8. Statements such as “The French are great lovers” are based on a. notions. b. bias. c. stereotypes. d. history. 9. In the case of Pottinger v. City of Miami (1992), a U.S. District Court found the practice of ________________ unconstitutional. a. removing park benches b. bum sweeps c. panhandling d. loitering 10. Race-based enforcement a. is discriminatory and illegal. b. is legal and justifiable. c. no longer occurs in the United States. d. is forensically viable. 11. The communication process involves a. a sender and a message. b. a filter and a scope. c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b 12. As stated in the text, which of the following statements is true regarding the overall socioeconomic structure of the U.S. population? a. The lower class is shrinking. b. The middle class is shrinking. c. The upper class is shrinking. d. The gap between the lower and upper classes is shrinking. 13. The formation of communities such as Chinatowns, Little Italys, and Little Havanas is an example of a. assimilation. b. cultural pluralism. c. acculturation. d. racial profiling. 14. ________________ continues to increase, presenting unique challenges to community policing efforts aimed at enhancing citizens’ levels of trust, communication, and activism. a. Religious diversity b. Racism c. Cultural diversity d. Lack of officer education 15. Kinesics is useful in a. conveying professionalism nonverbally. b. interpreting body language. c. “softening” official language. d. All of the above 16. Police officers who learn to “read” the nonverbal messages and body language of suspects, victims, and witnesses a. are said to have developed a sixth sense. b. often say they have a “gut feeling.” c. sometimes describe it as a nagging suspicion. d. All of the above 17. Two critical barriers to communication in a diverse society are language barriers and a. religious barriers. b. cultural barriers. c. racial barriers. d. physical barriers. 18. The amount of eye contact while speaking varies in the United States. According to the text, which ethnic group maintains the lowest eye contact while speaking? a. Caucasian b. African Americans c. Hispanic d. Asian 19. In their traditional role of crime fighter, the police seldom interact with those from the ___________ socioeconomic class. a. lower b. middle c. upper-middle d. upper 20. Dealing with the homeless is challenging for the police because a. homeless people seldom break the law and are, therefore, not a police problem. b. other resources (detox centers, crisis units, etc.) rigorously compete to provide services. c. being homeless is not a crime. d. most homeless people are alcoholics, drug addicts, or otherwise prone to violence. 21. Italian American, African American, and Asian American are examples of what is sometimes known as the _____________ American. a. pluralistic b. hyphenated c. ethnocentric d. multicultural 22. Deinstitutionalization refers to a. an inmate’s release from prison. b. providing support services for the retarded or mentally ill in the community rather than in institutions. c. renaming establishments to eliminate “institution” from the name. d. making institutions more homelike for residents. 23. Problems associated with homeless persons include a. homeless camps. b. public intoxication. c. abuse. d. All of the above 24. A person who has a temporary breakdown in coping skills is a. mentally ill. b. mentally retarded. c. in crisis behavior. d. contemplating suicide. 25. Epileptic seizure symptoms may include a. stiffening, jerking motions. b. garbled, incoherent speech. c. glassy-eyed staring and aimless wandering. d. All of the above 26. Dr. George Thompson is the founder of a. Verbal Judo. b. Verbal Tae Kwon Do. c. Verbal Karate. d. Verbal Effectiveness. 27. Police officers are most likely to obtain cooperation from citizens if they a. treat others with respect. b. engage in process-oriented policing. c. arrest the offender. d. follow up on reports taken. 28. Which of the following statements is not true concerning attention deficit hyperactivity disorder? a. It is one of the most common disruptive behavior disorders in youths, with an estimated 5 to 10 percent of all children having it. b. It is characterized by fidgeting, distractibility, and lack of self-control. c. It affects more girls than boys. d. The condition often disappears by adulthood. 29. Learning disabilities affect 5–10 million children in the United States. Some of the most common characteristics are a. poor memory and difficulty following directions. b. eye-hand coordination problems. c. poor reading ability leading to the label of “underachiever.” d. All of the above 30. According to the text, a temporary breakdown in coping skills by a person who is not mentally ill is known as a. strange behavior. b. event behavior. c. crisis behavior. d. disorderly behavior. 31. Things such as nodding, pointing a finger, and shrugging are examples of a. verbal communication. b. effective communication. c. good communication traits. d. gestures in communication. 32. Many police officers, in addition to understanding nonverbal messages, also develop an ability to interpret body language, also called a. body mapping. b. nonverbal reads. c. seventh sense. d. kinesics. 33. The CIT model combines police officers with what other professionals? a. Doctors b. Nurses c. University professors d. Mental health professionals 34. The use of ___________, the technical language of a profession, is a barrier to communication. a. 10 codes b. terms c. jargon d. feedback 35. Preference for one’s own way of life over all others is known as a. assimilation. b. acculturation. c. ethnocentrism. d. cultural pluralism. 36. According to the text, reasons victims give for not reporting a crime to the police include a. the belief that the police will be unable to do anything. b. fear that they won’t be believed. c. fear of reprisal and threats. d. All of the above 37. Discrimination is a. a behavior. b. an attitude. c. Both a and b d. Neither a nor b 38. The disabilities that police officers encounter the most frequently are a. touch impairment. b. kinesics impairment. c. mobility impairment. d. taste impairment. 39. Of the items listed below, which is not a common communication barrier? a. Lack of time b. Failure to listen c. Lack of feedback d. avoidance of the use of jargon 40. Persons with Alzheimer’s disease are what kind of victims of crime? a. Seldom victims because they are protected in assisted living quarters b. Easy prey for criminals c. Rarely victimized d. More frequently victims of police violence 41. The symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease tend to mimic a. depression. b. anxiety. c. bi-polar disease. d. intoxication. 42. Generally, the criminal justice system is focused on the criminal and felt to ignore a. society. b. the community. c. victims. d. the offender’s family. 43. Victims may suffer from not only financial loss but also a. depression. b. PTSD. c. embarrassment. d. fear of the system. 44. The homeless are more often the victims of crime than the perpetrators. a. True b. False 45. A survey documented in the Sourcebook of Criminal Justice Statistics (2004) found that Black and nonblack (White and other minority) police officers strongly agree about the significance of race in how citizens are treated by police. a. True b. False 46. According to the text, the U.S. Census Bureau predicts that by the year 2030 nearly one in five people will be age 30 or younger. a. True b. False 47. Polls cited in the text find that Americans are less concerned today about immigration. a. True b. False 48. Reliance on generalizing may result in stereotyping. a. True b. False 49. The officer’s “body language” is very important when communicating with the public. a. True b. False 50. Roughly 55 million people in this country, 20 percent of the U.S. population, speak a language other than English at home. a. True b. False 51. Providing help to victims originated as a grassroots effort in the 1990s to help battered women. a. True b. False 52. The “veil-of-darkness” method has been proposed as an approach to test for racial profiling in a department’s traffic stop practices. a. True b. False 53. Most of the violent individuals the police deal with are mental patients whose treatment plans have lapsed. a. True b. False 54. Nonverbal communication includes everything other than the actual words spoken in a message such as tone, pitch, and pacing. a. True b. False 55. Many of the symptoms of Alzheimer’s disease are identical to those of intoxication. a. True b. False 56. According to the text, police officers may have more barriers to communication because of the image they convey. a. True b. False 57. Under the ADA, all government brochures and printed material must be available in Braille or on audiotape if requested. a. True b. False 58. Incidents that may bring Alzheimer’s patients into contact with the police include driving difficulties, false 911 reports, indecent exposure, shoplifting, and trespassing. a. True b. False 59. Communities across the country have enacted outright bans or placed extreme restrictions on providing food to the indigent and homeless. a. True b. False 60. Effective communicators recognize their own and others’ biases and prejudices. a. True b. False 61. Mental illness and crisis behavior are the same thing. a. True b. False 62. Research has found law enforcement involves significantly more verbal interaction than physical interaction. a. True b. False 63. A prejudice inhibits objectivity and can evolve into hate. a. True b. False 64. Remembering skills cannot be improved. a. True b. False 65. Developing the trust and confidence of new immigrant populations is essential for effective policing. a. True b. False 66. Feedback is sometimes involved in the communication process. a. True b. False 67. Nonverbal communication does not include a person’s appearance. a. True b. False 68. Victims seldom fear reprisal because they trust the system to protect them. a. True b. False 69. Although it may occur in public, intimidation is not a concern in the courtroom. a. True b. False 70. The quality of police-community relations depends on effective communication. a. True b. False 71. The use of ___________________, technical language of a profession, can be a barrier to communication. 72. ___________________ results when a person who is not mentally ill has a temporary breakdown in coping skills. 73. The very language used to refer to others can interfere with ___________________. 74. Assimilation, also referred to as ___________________, was, indeed, what happened among the early colonists. 75. An alternative to assimilation is ___________________ with diverse cultures peacefully coexisting. 76. Victims often suffer from ___________________, a persistent reexperiencing of a traumatic event through intrusive memories, dreams, and a variety of anxiety-related symptoms. 77. The term ___________________ is sometimes used to refer to children exposed to cocaine while in the womb. They may exhibit social, emotional, and cognitive problems. 78. The leading known cause of mental retardation in the Western world, __________________, includes effects such as impulsivity, inability to predict consequences or to use appropriate judgment in daily life, poor communication skills, high levels of activity, and distractibility in small children and frustration and depression in adolescents. 79. When police use certain racial characteristics, such as skin color, as indicators of criminal activity, the practice is commonly referred to as _________________. 80. A dilemma facing law enforcement and the immigration issue is whether police can build _______________ with immigrant communities if they are also to gather intelligence and enforce immigration law. 81. ____________________ is a belief that a human population having a distinct genetically transmitted characteristic is inferior. 82. Racism flows in _________directions between the police and the citizens within the communities they serve. 83. Using certain extralegal racial characteristics, such as skin color, as indicators of criminal activity is ___________________. 84. The “__________________” has been proposed as an innovative and low-cost approach to test for racial profiling in a department’s traffic stop practices.